不良的安全管理绩效对企业经营成本的影响研究

本文从多个方面探讨了企业的安全管理绩效与企业经营成本之间的关系,认为不良的安全管理绩效不仅会增加企业的人力资源成本,导致企业在工伤保险和商业保险上费用的增加,而且还将会产生更多的政府监管成本,以及现实中直接和间接的物质损失。可见,不良的安全管理绩效将会显著增加企业的经营成本。     

香港的有害废物管理动向

为了给都市型地区的有害废物管理工作以借鉴，本文详细介绍了香港地区近１０年通过建立有害废物立法管理，制订污染控制总体规划，强化政府对有害废物的有效管理手段，以及近期和今后的主要管理措施的发展动态。     

国际标准产业分类体系的供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动的分类演化及启示

国际标准产业分类体系是目前国际上最有影响、最有权威的产业分类体系。深入了解国际标准产业分类体系中供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动分类演化,对正确收集、处理和测算供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动的指标以及国际间数据比较至关重要。论文首先详细地剖析了国际标准产业分类体系的供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动的分类演化,然后依据国际标准产业分类体系的最新变化,结合我国供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动现状,为我国国民经济行业分类中供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动的修改和调整提供改进建议。     

欧盟最佳可行技术（BAT）实施经验及其启示

为了全面提高环境技术管理水平,我国“十一五”启动了一批BAT指南编制试点工作。针对我国已经开展部分BAT工作存在调研工作量大、收集技术信息不全面、缺乏有效的创新技术推广机制、筛选BAT不能很好引导技术发展方向的问题,详细分析了欧盟BAT含义、BAT参考文件作用、BAT实施过程以及信息交流机制,总结了欧盟BAT在法律法规中的地位、技术信息来源的方式、技术筛选的方法以及对新技术的激励机制方面的实施经验,指出我国BAT体系建设亟待建立BAT推广应用的法律基础、技术信息交流平台、技术工作组和专家组以及促进新技术发展的验证评估机制,从而实现BAT对环境管理的技术支撑作用。     

Uncertainty in integrated coastal zone management

Uncertainty plays a major role in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). A large part of this uncertainty is connected to our lack of knowledge of the integrated functioning of the coastal system and to the increasing need to act in a pro-active way. Increasingly, coastal managers are forced to take decisions based on information which is surrounded by uncertainties. Different types of uncertainty can be identified and the role of uncertainty in decision making, scientific uncertainty and model uncertainty in ICZM is discussed. The issue of spatial variability, which is believed to be extremely important in ICZM and represents a primary source of complexity and uncertainty, is also briefly introduced. Some principles for complex model building are described as an approach to handle, in a balanced way, the available data, information, knowledge and experience. The practical method of sensitivity analysis is then introduced as a method for a posterior evaluation of uncertainty in simulation models. We conclude by emphasising the need for the definition of an analysis plan in order to handle model uncertainty in a balanced way during the decision making process.     

Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife

Wildlife management is limited by uncontrolled and often unrecognized environmental variation, by limited capabilities to observe and control animal populations, and by a lack of understanding about the biological processes driving population dynamics. In this paper I describe a comprehensive framework for management that includes multiple models and likelihood values to account for structural uncertainty, along with stochastic factors to account for environmental variation, random sampling, and partial controllability. Adaptive optimization is developed in terms of the optimal control of incompletely understood populations, with the expected value of perfect information measuring the potential for improving control through learning. The framework for optimal adaptive control is generalized by including partial observability and non-adaptive, sample-based updating of model likelihoods. Passive adaptive management is derived as a special case of constrained adaptive optimization, representing a potentially efficient suboptimal alternative that nonetheless accounts for structural uncertainty.     

The farmer as a landscape steward: Comparing local understandings of landscape stewardship,landscape values,and land management actions

We develop a landscape stewardship classification which distinguishes between farmers’ understanding of landscape stewardship, their landscape values, and land management actions. Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted with small-holder (<5 acres), medium-holders (5–100 acres), and large-holders (>100 acres) in South-West Devon, UK. Thematic analysis revealed four types of stewardship understandings: (1) an environmental frame which emphasized the farmers’ role in conserving or restoring wildlife; (2) a primary production frame which emphasized the farmers’ role in taking care of primary production assets; (3) a holistic frame focusing on farmers’ role as a conservationist, primary producer, and manager of a range of landscape values, and; (4) an instrumental frame focusing on the financial benefits associated with compliance with agri-environmental schemes. We compare the landscape values and land management actions that emerged across stewardship types, and discuss the global implications of the landscape stewardship classification for the engagement of farmers in landscape management.     

加强IS014000环境管理体系在医院推广

简介了1S014000环境管理体系,并论述了IS014001标准在医院的实施步骤,进一步详细分析了环境管理体系对医院安全处置医疗废弃物,加强环境保护工作的推动作用。     

壬基酚的环境生物地球化学研究进展及对新污染物管理的建议

近年来,我国大气环境、水环境和土壤环境质量得到一定的改善,“碧水蓝天”已经成为常态.但随着持久性有机污染物、内分泌干扰物、抗生素和微塑料等新污染物在环境中不断被检出,新污染物正逐步受到广泛的关注,壬基酚作为一种典型的内分泌干扰物也备受研究人员的关注.系统地概括了我国水体中壬基酚的环境行为和暴露水平,并基于风险商法和联合概率曲线法对壬基酚可能造成的生态风险进行了评估.结果表明,壬基酚对水生生物的毒性效应主要包括急性毒性、生长发育毒性、雌激素效应和繁殖毒性;壬基酚在我国主要流域水体中普遍存在,其浓度平均值在60～1 000 ng·L^-1,浓度最高值可达4 628 ng·L^-1;基于风险商法和联合概率曲线法的风险评估结果表明,壬基酚对我国主要流域里的水生生物均存在一定的风险.最后,总结了目前比较常用的壬基酚处理处置和风险管控技术,比较了国际上内分泌干扰物的监管方法,针对我国在新污染物环境管理中存在的问题,提出了针对性政策建议,研究结果可以为我国新污染物管理和管控提供参考.     

长江流域径流模拟及其对极端降雨的响应

研究流域径流量变化可为水资源科学调配、利用开发、水旱灾害防治、水环境污染整治和国民经济可持续发展等提供重要依据.但近年来受全球变暖影响,极端气候事件,尤其是极端降雨的发生频率和强度出现了变化,直接或间接影响径流量变化.运用SWAT模型模拟1965~2019年间长江流域径流时空变化规律,分析了不同极端降雨条件下径流对降雨的响应.结果表明,1965~2019年间长江流域径流变化并不显著,流域总径流和中下游径流均经历了枯-丰-枯-丰4个阶段.极端降雨情景模拟发现,50 a一遇极端降雨下,长江上、中和下游代表性子流域日均径流变化率分别为6200%、21%和15%,月均径流变化率为355%、5%和1.3%,年均变化率为78%、1%和0.24%.而100 a一遇极端降雨下,3个子流域日均径流变化率分别为8000%、25%和17%,月均径流变化率为437%、7%和1.5%,年均变化率为96%、1.2%和0.28%.研究结果可为流域水资源管理和利用及洪涝灾害预测与防控等提供理论依据.