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JHERIME L. KELLERMANN MATTHEW D. JOHNSON AMY M. STERCHO STEVEN C. HACKETT 《Conservation biology》2008,22(5):1177-1185
Abstract: Coffee farms can support significant biodiversity, yet intensification of farming practices is degrading agricultural habitats and compromising ecosystem services such as biological pest control. The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) is the world's primary coffee pest. Researchers have demonstrated that birds reduce insect abundance on coffee farms but have not documented avian control of the berry borer or quantified avian benefits to crop yield or farm income. We conducted a bird‐exclosure experiment on coffee farms in the Blue Mountains, Jamaica, to measure avian pest control of berry borers, identify potential predator species, associate predator abundance and borer reductions with vegetation complexity, and quantify resulting increases in coffee yield. Coffee plants excluded from foraging birds had significantly higher borer infestation, more borer broods, and greater berry damage than control plants. We identified 17 potential predator species (73% were wintering Neotropical migrants), and 3 primary species composed 67% of migrant detections. Average relative bird abundance and diversity and relative resident predator abundance increased with greater shade‐tree cover. Although migrant predators overall did not respond to vegetation complexity variables, the 3 primary species increased with proximity to noncoffee habitat patches. Lower infestation on control plants was correlated with higher total bird abundance, but not with predator abundance or vegetation complexity. Infestation of fruit was 1–14% lower on control plants, resulting in a greater quantity of saleable fruits that had a market value of US$44–$105/ha in 2005/2006. Landscape heterogeneity in this region may allow mobile predators to provide pest control broadly, despite localized farming intensities. These results provide the first evidence that birds control coffee berry borers and thus increase coffee yield and farm income, a potentially important conservation incentive for producers. 相似文献
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针对生产实际要求,研究了微量元素加入量、开箱时间等对铸态球墨铸铁珠光体量及性能的影响,试验了铸态球墨铸铁曲轴的各种常规性能. 相似文献
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入冬水生高等植物的衰亡对河流水质的影响 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
上海市郊河流水体中有很高的氮、磷和有机负菏,由于受水生高等植物生灭的影响,初春河流中的氮、磷和有机负菏明显高于上一年的初冬,河流中的水生高等植物能大量地吸收水体中的氮、磷,抑制藻类生长,净化水质;但其植株残体在水中的腐解,又会重新释出营养元素,造成对水体的二次污染。在冬季,随着水生高等植物的大量死亡这种污染更加明显,应加强对水生高等植物的利用,尝试建立既能净化水质,又有创造经济效益的生态工程模式,使市郊受污水体得到资源化利用。 相似文献
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B. Sikkema-Raddatz R. H. Sijmons M. B. Tan-Sindhunata A. Y. Van Der Veen R. Brunsting B. De Vries J. R. Beekhuis D. J. Bekedam B. Van Aken B. De Jong 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(5):467-473
We report two cases of apparently balanced complex de novo chromosomal rearrangements (BCCR) detected prenatally at 17 weeks and 10 weeks of gestation, respectively. Chromosomes were studied using GTG-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In one case four chromosomes and in the other case three chromosomes were involved in the rearrangements. One of the pregnancies was terminated and no external or internal abnormalities were detected at autopsy. The other pregnancy continued to term. Level III ultrasound examination showed no abnormalities. The child is now 3 years old and has neither congenital anomalies nor evidence of delayed psychomotor development. 相似文献
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遵循可持续发展的原则,针对经济欠发达地区的水环境污染现状,提出了兴建产业化的污水处理生态工程,科学地发展污灌,既有效地改善了京杭运河(徐州段)的水环境质量,又使徐州市城市污水得以资源化利用,对促进环境与社会经济协调发展具有积极意义。 相似文献
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加入WTO后四川省环保系统监测站如何克服自身缺陷,积极应对国内外监测机构的挑战,是未来几年内各监测站所共同面临的问题。本文回顾了我省监测站监测能力现状,分析了入世后各级环境监测站所面对的形势,并结合四川省实际情况提出了我省环保系统环境监测站在开放市场条件下的发展重点和发展方向。 相似文献
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Bernard Barraqué 《Natural resources forum》2003,27(3):200-211
The article contributes to a discussion on two global issues on water: water resources management, and water supply and sanitation. Focusing on Europe, it traces the legal roots of current systems in history: as a resource, water is considered as a common property, rather than a market good; while as a public service it is usually a commodity. Public water supply and sanitation technologies and engineering have developed under three main paradigms: quantitative and civil engineering; qualitative and chemical/sanitary engineering (both on the supply side); and the most recent one, environmental engineering and integrated management (on the demand side). The cost of public drinking water is due to rise sharply in view of the two‐fold financial challenge of replacing an ageing infrastructure and keeping up with ever‐rising environmental and sanitary quality standards. Who will pay? Government subsidies, or water users? The author suggests that apparent successes with privatisation may have relied heavily on hidden government subsidies and/or the healthy state of previously installed water infrastructure: past government subsidies are still felt for as long as the lifetime of the infrastructure. The article stresses the importance of public participation and decentralized local management of water and sanitation services. Informing and involving users in water management decisions is seen as an integral part of the ‘ethics’ side of the crucial three E's (economics, environment, ethics). The article strongly argues for municipal provision of water services, and hopes that lessons learnt and solutions found in the European experience may serve water services management efforts in other regions of the world. 相似文献