东北典型湖库水体对铜绿微囊藻荧光特性的影响

为考察东北典型湖库水体对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa)生长过程中IDOM(细胞内溶解性有机物)荧光特性的影响,在镜泊湖、兴凯湖、五大连池、松花湖和大伙房水库5个典型湖库,共10个采样点采集水样,用于铜绿微囊藻的培养,利用EEM(三维荧光光谱)技术,结合三维荧光FRI(区域体积积分)开展IDOM荧光特性的聚类分析. 结果表明:铜绿微囊藻中IDOM的主要荧光特征峰为类蛋白荧光峰(峰S和峰T),峰S荧光强度高于峰T;对IDOM的三维荧光光谱分为5个区(Ⅰ～Ⅴ区)进行区域体积积分,荧光响应值比例(P_Ⅰ+Ⅱ,n和P_Ⅳ,n)总体上呈互补趋势;Ф_T,n(总区域体积积分)表现为镜泊湖>五大连池>兴凯湖>松花湖>大伙房水库,第16天镜泊湖的Ф_T,n最大,平均值为9.76×10-5 AU·nm2/(mg/L);大伙房水库的Ф_T,n最小,平均值为3.72×10-5 AU·nm2/(mg/L). 聚类分析将10个采样点分成3类. HJ1、HJ2采样点为类别1;HX1、LD1、JS1、LD2采样点为类别2;HX2、JS2、HW2、HW1采样点为类别3,其中,类别1(镜泊湖)水体较类别2和类别3水体更适宜铜绿微囊藻的生长.      

云南藏区旅游生态安全及其防控研究

介绍了以香格里拉为核心区的云南藏区在发展旅游的过程中带来的一系列的生态环境问题,如固体垃圾增加、水污染加剧、噪声污染日趋突出和土壤质地遭到破坏等。对其进行梳理并提出针对性的措施。     

引水冲污工程治理东湖磷污染

东湖的污染主要体现在氮磷的污染 ,以及由此而导致的水体富营养化 ,而目前正在实施的截污和清淤工程只能截取和清除部分磷污染源 ,对于剩余部分的污染源则有必要通过引水冲污工程来治理。在距沙湖最近的长江岸边设取水点 ,引长江水注入沙湖 ,随后将长江江水引入东湖。同时 ,并将部分受到污染的湖水通过青山港、武丰闸冲出东湖、排入长江 ,从而减少东湖污染物的总量 ,降低东湖的污染程度 ,增强东湖水体的自净能力 ,提高东湖水体的环境质量     

快速城市化区域不同用地类型土壤重金属含量分布特征及生态风险

以上海市闵行区典型快速城市化区域为例,基于36个地块595个点位土壤样品数据,分析5种不同土地利用类型中8项土壤重金属的含量分布特征,通过内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态风险指数法进行生态风险评价.结果表明,重金属锌和镉含量的变异系数较高,受人为活动影响特征明显.涉重工业用地、非涉重工业用地的重金属赋存相对较高,住宅用地和耕地重金属含量总体不高但具有其特异性组成特征,公共管理与公共服务用地相对最低.重金属锌和镉的内梅罗综合污染指数较高,分别处于重度和中度污染水平,其余重金属均为警戒或轻度污染水平.不同土地利用类型的土壤重金属潜在生态风险水平为：涉重工业用地 > 非涉重工业用地≈住宅用地 > 耕地≈公共管理与公共服务用地,工业用地由于行业类别多、历史生产复杂和管理水平差异大等原因,具有较大的土壤重金属污染风险,住宅用地和耕地等其他用地类型也呈现出一定的重金属累积趋势.不同土地利用的土壤重金属污染源头防控和地块再开发利用的安全性及风险管控,是快速城市化区域土壤污染防治的重点和难点.     

Phosphorus removal from sediments by Potamogeton crispus: New high-resolution in-situ evidence for rhizosphere assimilation and oxidization-induced retention

Macrophytes are usually chosen for phytoremediation tools to remove P in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems, but the lack of test methods hinders the understanding of removal mechanism and application. In this study, we used the novel technologies combined of Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), Planar optode (PO), and Non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) to explore P dynamics in water-sediment continuum and rhizosphere of Potamogeton crispus over time. Results of the high-resolution in situ measurement showed that labile P(LP_DGT) fluxes at the surficial sediment significantly decreased from approximate 120, 140, and 200 pg/ (cm²?sec) via 30 days incubation period to 17, 40, and 56 pg/(cm²?sec) via that of 15 days. Obvious synchronous increase of LP_DGT was not detected in overlying water, suggesting the intense assimilation of dissolve reactive P via root over time. PO measurement indicated that O₂ concentration around the rhizosphere remarkably increased and radially diffused into deeper sediment until 100% saturation along with the root stretch downwards. NMT detection of roots showed the obvious O₂ inflow into root tissue with the uppermost flux of 30 pmol/(cm²?sec) from surroundings via aerenchyma on different treatment conditions. Different from previous reports, gradually saturating O₂ concentrations around the rhizosphere was principally driven by O₂ penetration through interspace attributing to root stretch downward rather than root O₂ leakage. Increased O₂ concentrations in deep sediment over time finally induced the oxidization of labile Fe(II) into Fe(III) bound P and local P immobilization.     

基于氮氧同位素解析不同降雨条件下硝酸盐污染源

随着城市化的进程和人类活动强度的增加,过高的硝酸盐污染负荷对地表水水质安全构成极大威胁.当前针对地表水体的硝酸盐源解析仅强调了来源的季节性变化特征,而鲜见考虑降雨事件对区域污染源组成的影响.本文以扬州市江都区通扬运河为研究对象,利用氮氧同位素技术和基于R语言的稳定同位素模型(stable isotope analysi...     

洱海入湖河口湿地干湿季沉积物氮、磷、有机质垂向分布特征及污染风险差异性

以云南洱海罗时江河口湿地为典型对象,利用柱状底泥分层采样器采集罗时江河口湿地表层(0~10 cm)、中层(10~30 cm)和底层(30~60 cm)沉积物样品,分析干、湿季沉积物总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有机质(OM)垂向分布特征,并对沉积物进行污染风险评价.结果表明:1干季罗时江河口湿地表层、中层和底层沉积物TN平均含量分别为1.734、1.453和1.255g·kg~(-1),TP平均值分别1.085、1.034和0.992 g·kg~(-1),OM平均值分别为59.051、47.730和42.133 g·kg~(-1);湿季罗时江河口湿地表层、中层和底层沉积物TN平均含量分别为1.147、0.948和0.895 g·kg~(-1),TP平均值分别0.599、0.523和0.519g·kg~(-1),OM平均值分别为53.098、46.897和43.395 g·kg~(-1);干、湿季各指标含量垂向分布随沉积深度的增加呈下降趋势,表层富集明显;三层沉积物各指标含量均为干季高于湿季,且除OM外,TN和TP均达到显著差异(P0.01).2单因子指数(PI)、有机氮指数(ON)和有机指数(OI)评价结果表明,整体上干季沉积物氮磷属于重度污染,有机质属于中度污染;湿季沉积物氮和有机质均为中度污染,磷为轻度污染;总体上沉积物氮、磷、有机质污染水平为干季高于湿季,且干、湿季各污染指数均为表层最高,中层次之,底层最低,表层污染最为严重.3干、湿季罗时江河口湿地污染来源存在差异,干季以外源为主,湿季以内源为主;干季沉积物营养盐潜在释放风险较湿季大,且以表层释放风险最大.     

From mute to reflective: changing governmentality in St Petersburg and the priorities of Russian environmental planning

This paper analyses, by using a constructivist methodology, how sustainability is perceived by Russian urban and regional planners and how environmental planning is understood on a discursive level. The planning discourse, which was reconstructed primarily with the help of 14 thematic interviews undertaken in St Petersburg, is positioned on the axes of the triangle of planning contradictions. The analysis shows that the promoted planning paradigm – the interpretations about the priorities of environmental planning – stem from the expert-centred approach of the Soviet era, and poorly suits the changing governmentality of St Petersburg. Due to regime changes, a significant step from a mute to a reflective governmentality was taken in St Petersburg, but the professional planning discourse is in conflict with this context reality and prohibits a more sustainable planning standpoint from developing.     

Monitoring of the microbial community composition in saline aquifers during CO2 storage by fluorescence in situ hybridisation

This study reveals the first analyses of the composition and activity of the microbial community of a saline CO₂ storage aquifer. Microbial monitoring during CO₂ injection has been reported. By using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), we have shown that the microbial community was strongly influenced by the CO₂ injection. Before CO₂ arrival, up to 6 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹ were detected by DAPI staining at a depth of 647 m below the surface. The microbial community was dominated by the domain Bacteria that represented approximately 60% to 90% of the total cell number, with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the most abundant phyla comprising up to 47% and 45% of the entire population, respectively. Both the total cell counts as well as the counts of the specific physiological groups revealed quantitative and qualitative changes after CO₂ arrival. Our study revealed temporal outcompetition of sulphate-reducing bacteria by methanogenic archaea. In addition, an enhanced activity of the microbial population after five months CO₂ storage indicated that the bacterial community was able to adapt to the extreme conditions of the deep biosphere and to the extreme changes of these atypical conditions.     

基于可拓云模型的区域生态安全预警模型及应用——以祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段为例

针对区域生态安全预警中的不确定性问题,考虑生态安全等级边界信息的随机性、模糊性及动态性,利用可拓学中兼具定性和定量分析及动态性的物元理论和具有不确定推理特性的云模型,提出了基于可拓云模型的区域生态安全预警模型;运用该模型对祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段2005—2015年生态安全进行了定量评估,并对2017年生态安全环境进行动态预警。结果表明:祁连山生态功能区张掖段2005—2015年的生态安全整体水平均处于"理想"以下,其变化趋势为"较差"到"一般"再到"良好";2017年祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段生态安全为"蓝色"预警,但有向"黄色"转变的趋势,其中工业三废、环保投入强度、森林覆盖率及人均水资源量是影响祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段生态安全的主要因素。