纳米Fe/Co催化降解土霉素效果及影响因素研究

为探究液相还原法制备的纳米Fe/Co催化剂的类芬顿催化效果,以单因素分析法研究了pH、OTC（土霉素）初始质量浓度、H₂O₂摩尔浓度和催化剂用量对纳米Fe/Co催化剂催化性能的影响,并通过SEM（扫描电子显微镜）和BET（比表面积测试仪）对纳米Fe/Co催化剂进行表征,进一步研究了纳米Fe/Co催化剂对OTC模拟废水的催化降解效果.结果表明:①纳米Fe/Co催化剂可以有效地改善催化体系的pH使用范围,在pH为3.0~11.0范围内,纳米Fe/Co催化剂对浓度为100 mg/L OTC的去除率（94.0%）高于纳米Fe催化剂（85.0%）;低浓度OTC有利于提高污染物的去除率,而高浓度的OTC有利于提高反应速率;H₂O₂摩尔浓度为200 mmol/L时,纳米Fe/Co催化剂对OTC的去除率最高（93.8%）;纳米Fe/Co催化剂用量为6 g/L时,其对OTC的去除率最高（92.8%）.②纳米Fe/Co催化剂粒径为20~30 nm,比表面积较高,为121.3 m2/g.③纳米Fe/Co催化剂在重复利用13次后OTC去除率仍在50.0%以上,其重复利用性能良好.研究显示,纳米Fe/Co催化剂对OTC废水具有较好的催化性能、重复利用性能以及较宽的pH使用范围,可为含抗生素废水处理提供理论支撑.      

催化氧化法处理含硫废碱液新技术的开发与应用

在炼油生产中,合理处理产生的大量废碱液,使其不污染环境,一直是我们努力研究的课题。辽河石化分公司所采用的处理方法是:将含硫化物废碱液催化氧化,使其中有毒的硫化物快速氧化成亚硫酸盐、硫代硫酸盐及硫酸盐等物质。经过处理的含硫化物废碱液已进行了脱臭,并且回收了有利用价值的碱液。碱液吸收SO2后生产出合格的亚硫酸钠产品,达到了废液综合利用的目的。     

物理化学方法在安全评价中的应用研究

提出以本质安全与系统安全为目的,在安全评价领域中使用物理化学方法,对化工装置中化学反应过程及其他物理化学过程进行安全分析与评价,从而深入了解变化过程,提出安全对策与措施。对安全评价模式、方法进行了探索并应用到实际工作中,同时阐述了该模式中HAZOP方法、物理化学方法各自的特点。列举了物理化学方法在几个方面的应用并以一实例:催化剂制备装置的安全评价。     

Transport and Immobilization of 2,4,6 15N-Trinitrotoluene in Soil Microcosms Subjected to Long Term Incubation Under Aerobic Conditions

¹⁵N-labeling and solid-state ¹³C and ¹⁵N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to study the immobilization of 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene (TNT) into soil organic matter (SOM). Uncontaminated soil from the Ap horizon of a Luvisol was mixed with ¹⁵N-TNT (enrichment: 99 atm%) and laid over an unspiked layer of the same material. The latter covered soil from the Bt horizon. The microcosms were aerobically incubated under laboratory conditions for up to 11 months. After 1 week, within the total microcosm approximately 90% of the added ¹⁵N (¹⁵N_add) were recovered, mostly in the top layer (87%). After 11 months, this amount decreased to 71%, indicating losses due to denitration or transamination. Within two months, half of ¹⁵N_add had been immobilized in the residues not extractable with organic solvents and water. The amount of the sequestered ¹⁵N_add remained fairly constant until the end of the experiment pointing towards a high stability of TNT-SOM associates. Solid-state ¹⁵N NMR revealed their formation by covalent binding, most tentatively as amides. Complete reduction of TNT to triaminotoluene (TAT) was not prerequisite. The most pronounced downwards movement of ¹⁵N-TNT occurred during the first two months. The major part of it, however, experienced quick immobilization, leaving approximately 10% of ¹⁵N_add recovered in the leachate at the end of the experiment. Calculations indicated contributions of inorganic ¹⁵N_add. Approximately 25% of its organic ¹⁵N_add originated from condensed N, suggesting that in soils the transport of partly reduced TNT is in close association with the organic matter of the soil solution to which they are covalently bound.     

CT6-4B硫回收催化剂的工业应用

介绍了CT6－4B硫回收催化剂在硫磺回收装置的应用情况，并结合生产标定数据对其性能及使用效果进行技术分析。     

金属氧化物在脱硫脱氮技术中的应用

许多金属氧化物在烟气脱硫脱氮技术中可用作反应的催化剂或SO2的吸收剂，针对其不同的功能，对国内外开发研究的金属氧化物烟气脱硫脱氮方法进行了分类归纳，并分析了各自的优缺点，指出了Fe2O3,MnO2,CuO等金属氧化物在烟气脱硫脱氮领域中的应用前景和进一步的研究方向。     

PSA application for a PCB detoxification plant

 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a type of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are considered to be endocrine disrupters. According to the Stockholm Convention on POPs, PCB detoxification is being accelerated globally. We have developed an environmentally sound chemical PCB detoxification plant using the ultraviolet ray/catalyst method. The purpose of this paper is to check the design methodology for the PCB detoxification plant by the application of probabilistic safety analysis. First, possible hazardous events were determined; second, the weakest points in these hazardous events were established; and third, the impact when failures arise at the weak points in the system were studied. We clarified the preventive measures as follows. To prevent PCBs leaking into the environment, select leak-tight valves for the piping containing PCBs, and reduce the number of valves. To prevent fire or explosions due to leaks of an inflammable mixture, select leak-tight valves, reduce the number of valves installed in the piping, and improve the reliability of the suppression tank in the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) recovery unit. Received: February 27, 2001 / Accepted: June 17, 2002     

废甲醇催化剂的回收和利用

介绍了利用废甲醇催化剂生产活性氧化锌和五水硫酸铜的方法，试验结果表明，最佳工艺条件为：催化剂粒度80目；酸浸反应的硫酸浓度3．6则mol/L，100g原料中硫酸用量325mL；净化反应的pH控制在5—5．5，温度85℃；活性氧化锌煅烧温度800℃；铜粉焙烧温度600℃，通风量0．8L／min，焙烧时间2．5h；硫酸铜生产过程中，反应温度为60—80℃，时间2h。该方法具有工艺简单、操作方便、产品质量好的特点，并可减少环境污染，变废为宝，具有较好的经济效益。     

非均相催化过硫酸盐氧化技术研究进展

活化过硫酸盐氧化技术因其自由基持续时间长、pH适用范围广、前体氧化剂稳定等优势,在高级氧化技术的开发和应用中备受关注。本文综述了有效活化过硫酸盐的非均相催化材料(金属氧化物、金属基复合材料、碳材料、天然矿物等),探讨了非均相催化剂的不同催化机制及其催化活性、稳定性、可重复利用性等,并在此基础上提出了非均相催化与其他技术(紫外光辐射、超声、热、微波等)联用以提高其处理效率及范围的发展方向。     

活性炭在氰化物水解除氰中作用的探讨

为了寻求活性炭在水解除氰中所起的作用，从加炭与未加炭水解除氰多个方面进行了试验与相应的计算，结果表明：在氰化物溶液中加入活性炭后，降低了水解反应的活化能，加速了氰化物水解反应速度；同时，活性炭重复使用基本没有影响原除氰效果，且活性炭自身的重量也基本没有减少（除了有点机械磨损外）。故活性炭在氰化物水解反应中起了催化的作用。