泉州湾河口湿地不同植被恢复下沉积物磷形态和酶活性特征

基于定位观测,研究了泉州湾河口湿地秋茄（Kandelia obovate,KO）、桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum,AC）、以及秋茄+桐花树（KA）混交等3种植被恢复下沉积物磷形态、酶活性以及环境因子变化特征,并与养蛏滩涂（恢复前,SC）进行了比较,以评估不同植被恢复模式对沉积物磷库及酶活性的影响.结果表明：(1)植被恢复19年后,3种恢复模式下沉积物全磷（TP）和无机磷（IP）含量相较恢复前均呈上升趋势,其中KA最高,SC最低;而沉积物有机磷（OP）含量在不同恢复模式间差异不显著;不同恢复模式下,IP均是沉积物磷的主要形态,占TP的60%～73%;其中,沉积物氢氧化钠提取磷（NaOH-P）和盐酸提取磷（HCl-P）在KA处理下明显高于恢复前（SC）.(2)与恢复前相比,不同恢复模式下沉积物碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性明显增加,总体表现为AC>KA>KO>SC,但过氧化氢酶在不同植被恢复模式下并无明显差异.(3)冗余分析结果显示,不同恢复模式下沉积物磷含量变化主要受酶活性（特别是碱性磷酸酶）及环境因子（pH、有机质、全氮等）的综合影响.泉州湾河口湿...     

Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in the Management of Mangrove Forests Within and Adjacent to Kiunga Marine Protected Area, Lamu, Kenya

The status of mangroves within and adjacent to Kiunga Marine Protected Area (MPA) were assessed by means of aerial photographs and intensive ground truthing. Vegetation maps (1 : 25,000) were produced on GIS environment making it possible to store, retrieve and analyze various types of information very quickly. The maps together with the digitized information provide important tools to the management of mangroves of Kiunga MPA since various proposed treatments can now be entered and summarized thus providing useful overviews for planning, implementation and monitoring.The present inventory revealed that the existing mangrove forests within and adjacent to Kiunga MPA have a net standing volume of 2,354,004.85 m³ in 16,035.94 ha. There are eight species of mangrove trees, of which Rhizophora mucronata and Ceriops tagal are dominant. The standing volume ranges between 6.85 to 710.0 m³ ha^–1 for stem with diameter above 5.0 cm. The average volume of the entire study area was 145.88 m³ ha^–1, which corresponds to a stocking rate of 1736 stems per ha. Given its high potential productivity and regeneration, mangroves within and adjacent to Kiunga MPA have excellent prospects for sustainable exploitation.     

基于高分辨率卫星影像的广西红树林面积监测与群落调查

基于国产多源高分辨率卫星数据,利用遥感（RS）、地理信息系统（GIS）、全球定位系统（GPS）技术结合野外勘查的方式,对广西红树林面积进行遥感监测并对其群落类型进行野外勘查。结果表明：截至2013年12月,广西红树林总面积为7 243.15 hm²,共有斑块2 793个,平均斑块面积为2.59 hm²,其中最大斑块面积为173.67 hm²。北海市红树林面积、斑块数及比例分别为3 263.66 hm²、905个、45.06%;钦州市为2 097.41 hm²、1 259个、28.96%;防城港市为1 882.08 hm²、629个、25.98%。红树林群落类型有白骨壤、白骨壤+桐花树、桐花树、桐花树+白骨壤、木榄-白骨壤等共21种,其中面积及比例从大到小前7位排列分别是白骨壤群落（3 022.96 hm²,41.74%）、桐花树群落（2 383.81 hm²,32.91%）、白骨壤+桐花树群落（405.42 hm²,5.60%）、木榄-白骨壤群落（303.93 hm²,4.20%）、红海榄-白骨壤群落（214.43 hm²,2.96%）、无瓣海桑-桐花树群落（138.46 hm²,1.91%）、木榄-桐花树群落（128.40 hm²,1.77%）。通过对比发现,不同研究者、影像数据源和研究方法,会使得同一区域红树林面积监测结果存在较大差异。     

Epipellic Algae Profile of the Mixohaline Mangrove Swamp of Qua Iboe River Estuary (Nigeria)

The epipellic algae of Qua Iboe Estuary was studied in late summer (between January and February) of 1999. Physicochemical analysis of the tidal mud flats of the Estuary revealed a mixohaline habitat characterized by its high acidity (pH 4.72±0.02) and rich nutritive salts content. The results of the phytoplankton studies revealed variation in the density of the microalgae within the microalgal Orders. The epipellic algae community was predominated by pinnate diatoms. The mean densities of the phytoplanktons ranged from 102.75 organism/ha, 34.25 organism/ha, 21.25 organism/ha to 1.00 organism/ha of Pennales, Centrales, Zygnematales and Blue-Green algae, respectively. Their densities, however, decreased with increase in sampling distance from the low tide level. At the species level, Actinoptychus undulatus and Tabellaria sp. predominate the microalgae community. The occurrence of the freshwater diatom, A. undulatus, in an otherwise harsh salty epipellic habitat confirms the adaptive potential of some freshwater phytoplankton to marine ecosystem. Other phytoplankter present in the epipellic habitat of the estuary were Amphora ovalis, Campylodis cibrosus, Cymbella lanceolata, Navicular radiosa, N. rhynocephala, Pleurosignma sp., Pinnularia viridis, Stephanodiscus sp., Closterium sp., Oscillatoria nigroviridis and Nodularia spumigena.     

九龙江口秋茄红树林镉铬镍元素的累积及动态

探讨了福建九龙江口秋茄红树林对重金属元素Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ的累积及动态，结果表明；该林区表层土壤（０－３０ｃｍ）深Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ元素的储量分别为２１．６０、１０９２．６３和３９０３．９０ｍｇ／ｍ＾２，秋茄植物体各部位Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ一的范围分别为０．０４４４－０．０９１２、０．０８５－０．２７５和０．３２６－１．０００μｇ／ｇ，该群落现存生物量中，Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ元素的储量分别为１１６６．８５、３     

Trophic attributes of the mudskipper,Periophthalmus barbarus (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) in the mangrove swamps of Imo River Estuary,Nigeria

Aspects of the trophic attributes of the mudskipper, Periophthalmus barbarus occurring in the mangrove swamps of Imo River　Estuary, Nigeria, were investigated during a 12-month period (April, 1992-March, 1993). Feeding intensity increased with size, it was　higher in the dry season(November-April) than in the wet season(May-October), monthly changes in the indices of feeding intensity were　significantly correlated. Major food objects comprised detritus and benthic algae; crustaceans, insects, macrophyte matter and sand grains were minor food objects while fish, molluscs, Chilopoda, nematodes and fungi were unconsciously devoured objects. Diet varied seasonally; algae and sesarmid crabs were generally more in the dry season than during the rains whereas FPOM and fish increased in the wet over dry season.The mudskipper display a high degree of euryphagy and can be considered as a generalist and an omnivore. The lower trophic status of P.barbarus qualifies it as a good aquaculture candidate. Food richness was higher in big-sized class(BSC) than small-sized class(SSC). Sizebased and seasonal variations were not apparent in food richness. Diet breadth was higher in the BSC than the SSC, there was dry season increase in diet breadth.     

红树林区硅藻丰度和生物量构成及与底栖动物的关系

对深圳福田红树林湿地中百亩区、上沙、下沙、沙嘴、观鸟亭等5个亚区中的硅藻种类、丰度和生物量等进行了研究。结果显示，5区中硅藻门藻类在种类及丰度组成上均为优势类群。硅藻总生物量以观鸟亭最高，达25．076mg/L,下沙8．446mg／L，百亩区4．488mg／L，沙嘴2．111mg／L，上沙仅为0．742mg／L。最高与最低硅藻总生物量相关可达38倍。生物量份布趋势和其丰度分布相似，相关系数为0．998，但每一种硅藻生物量之间存在较大差异。硅藻生物量及丰度与底栖动物总密度分布之间呈负相关性。     

粤港澳大湾区红树林湿地鸟类生态健康评价——以深圳湾为例

基于层次分析法构建了红树林湿地鸟类生态健康评价指标体系,并以深圳湾福田红树林湿地为例评价了粤港澳大湾区红树林湿地鸟类生态健康.结果表明：红树林湿地鸟类生态健康评价功能层指标的权重为：栖息地适宜性指数（0.443） > 栖息地重要性指数 （0.283） > 栖息地环境风险指数（0.181） > 鸟类群落健康指数（0.094）;9个鸟类生态健康指标的权重和赋值分别为鸟类多样性（0.094,4）、栖息地重要性（0.283,3）、土地退化（0.147,3）、噪声（0.074,1）、光污染（0.074,4）、建筑物影响（0.148,2）、重金属污染（0.089,5）、有机污染暴露（0.056,2）和生物入侵（0.035,4）;深圳湾福田红树林湿地鸟类生态健康综合指数为3,处于“亚健康”状态,即当前栖息地适宜性下降,存在一定的环境风险.结合深圳湾的生态现状,建议建立鸟类动态监测网络,促进科学高效的鸟类保护决策的形成,加强城市噪音管制,降低人为活动的直接影响,提升红树林湿地鸟类生境适宜性;同时,加强环境监测力度,严控污染物排放,降低环境风险,整体提升红树林湿地鸟类生态健康水平.     

红树林生态开发现状与对策研究

以红树林生态开发方式多样的印度尼西亚、马来西亚、越南、肯尼亚、美国、澳大利亚和巴西,及中国的广东省、广西省、海南省、福建省、浙江省、台湾省、香港和澳门特别行政区为例,总结了国内外红树林生态开发现状和存在的问题,并提出了对策和建议.红树林现有的生态开发方式主要包括生态养殖、植物利用、生态旅游、自然教育和科学研究等方面,且存在地域差异.国内红树林生态开发存在保护与开发利用失衡、生态开发模式简单、生态开发经济效益低下、规划管理和相关政策滞后、区域合作不足的问题.提出对策：①协调发展,缓解保护与开发的矛盾;②因地制宜,推进多元化生态开发;③科学评估,提升生态开发经济效益;④完善相关政策和规划,推动区域合作与科学研究.     

滩涂红树林种植-养殖耦合系统水产品中多环芳烃含量水平分析

为了掌握滩涂红树林种植-养殖耦合系统中水产品中多环芳烃的污染情况,保证系统中水产品的品质和食用安全,采用高效液相色谱仪检测了系统中秋茄、桐花树和木榄等养殖塘罗非鱼、鲻鱼和牡蛎体内的13种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons,PAHs）[Fluorene（Flu）、Phenanthrene（Phe）、Anthracene（Ant）、Fluoranthene（Fla）、Pyrene（Pyr）、Benz[a]anthraces（BaA）、Chrysene（Chr）、Benzo[b]fluoranthene（BbF）、Benzo[k]fluoranthene（BkF）、Benzo[a]Pyrene（BaP）、Dibenzo[a,h]anthercene（DahA）、Benzo[g,h,i]perylene（BghiP）、Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene（InP）],分析研究其污染水平并进行食品安全评价.结果表明,牡蛎体内的TPAHs含量最高,干重浓度范围在89.79～98.49μg.kg-1之间;鲻鱼次之,干重浓度范围在25.97～34.64μg.kg-1之间;罗非鱼的TPAHs含量最低,干重浓度范围在12.31～14.41μg.kg-1之间.3环PAHs是主要组成成分,占TPAHs的41.58%～83.35%.脂肪含量是影响不同种类水产品间TPAHs浓度水平的因素.与国内其它地区相比,研究区域水产品内PAHs污染处于轻度的污染水平.3类水产品的湿重等效ΣBaP浓度值在0.068 9～1.037 3μg.kg-1之间,符合欧盟对苯并[a]芘的限值要求.研究区域水产品内PAHs在安全食用范围内.