Application of aerial remote sensing in the study on vegetation in Guangzhou,China

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硅藻土基多孔吸附填料的制备及其对Pb2+的吸附

以硅藻土为主要原料,添加超细碳粉、烧结助剂和粘结剂,按一定比例混合、搅拌、造粒,在设定程序下煅烧,制备了硅藻土基多孔吸附填料(DBPAF),探讨了烧成温度、造孔剂添加量、硅藻土粉体粒径对DBPAF孔隙特征的影响,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对DBPAF的微观形貌和物相组成进行了观察和分析,采用动态吸附实验研究了DBPAF的可操作性,采用静态吸附实验研究了DBPAF吸附Pb2+的性能和机制.结果表明,最适烧成温度范围为900~1000℃,最适造孔剂添加量为7.0%,最适硅藻土粉体粒径为2.40μm;与硅藻土原土(粉体)相比,DBPAF的可操作性明显提高,孔隙结构得到了明显改善,物相组成以方石英相为主.研究还表明,烧制过程升温速率以2~5℃/min为宜以保证DBPAF气孔分布均匀;DBPAF对Pb2+吸附容量较硅藻土原土(粉体)提高了78.0%,吸附过程速率控制步骤为Pb2+与DBPAF孔道内的基团发生的化学反应,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型.     

基于CiteSpace中国生态补偿研究的知识图谱分析

生态补偿已成为生态环境管理领域的热点问题。本文基于CiteSpace可视化文献分析工具,以CSSCI数据库中1998—2018年的期刊论文作为数据源,以"生态补偿"为关键词进行文献检索,通过共被引、关键词共现分析以及聚类分析等,探讨生态补偿研究领域的知识基础以及研究热点与前沿。结果表明:①生态补偿研究的发文数量经历了缓慢上升、快速增长、平稳增加三个阶段;②生态补偿研究作者集中度较高,发行期刊涵盖经济学、地理学、生态学、制度经济学等多个学科,反映出生态补偿是一个多学科交叉的研究主题,生态补偿研究的综合性不断增强;③依据关键词知识图谱,"国家重点生态功能区""生态环境""可持续发展"等成为最新研究热点;④新时期生态文明建设下,"草原生态补偿""支付意愿""转移支付""退耕还林"等成为生态补偿研究的最新前沿话题。     

Using Earth Observation to update a Natura 2000 habitat map for a wetland in Greece

The European Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC has defined the need for the conservation of habitats and species with the adoption of appropriate measures. Within the Natura 2000 ecological network of special areas of conservation, natural habitats will be monitored to ensure the maintenance or restoration of their composition, structure and extent. The European Space Agency's GlobWetland project has provided remotely sensed products for several Ramsar wetlands worldwide, such as detailed land cover-land use, water cycle and inundated vegetation maps. This paper presents the development and testing of an operational methodology for updating a wetland's habitat map using the GlobWetland products, and the evaluation of the extent to which GlobWetland products have contributed to the habitat map updating. The developed methodology incorporated both automated and analyst-supervised techniques to photo-interpret, delineate, refine, and evaluate the updated habitat polygons. The developed methodology was proven successful in its application to the wetland complex of the Axios-Loudias-Aliakmon delta (Greece). The resulting habitat map met the European and Greek national requirements. Results revealed that GlobWetland products were a valuable contribution, but source data (enhanced satellite images) were necessary to discriminate spectrally similar habitats. Finally, the developed methodology can be modified for original habitat mapping.     

倾斜特厚煤层采空区孔隙率分布规律研究*

为了研究倾斜特厚煤层综放开采采空区孔隙率分布规律,确定采空区高位钻孔位置,有效治理采空区瓦斯灾害,以硫磺沟煤矿9-15（06）工作面为例,采用UDEC数值模拟软件研究采空区覆岩垮落和裂隙演化规律,根据采空区覆岩下沉量,计算得到采空区孔隙率三维分布规律。研究结果表明:倾斜特厚煤层采空区覆岩位移云图在垂直方向呈3段分布,以距离工作面底板23 m和80 m为分界线,位移矢量密度显著降低,冒落带高度为23 m,与经验公式25 m基本一致,大于薄、中厚和厚煤层;受倾角影响,垮落矸石滑移、充填采空区下端,覆岩下沉量呈非对称椭圆形,中上部下沉量最大;冒落带孔隙率在上、下隅角处最大,中上部最小,随着覆岩高度增加,采空区边缘处和深部孔隙率差值逐渐减小。研究结果为倾斜特厚煤层采空区瓦斯抽采高位钻孔的布置提供了理论基础。     

震后城市地震动场快速评估系统研究

震后灾情的快速评估是政府救灾的主要决策依据,而烈度的快速评估是其基础。本文在ArcGIS二次开发的基础上提出了一套城市震后烈度快速评估系统,并以福州市为例介绍了该系统的功能。首先,根据具有跨平台运行能力的实时数据接收程序,将福州强震台网所记录到的地震数据文件导入本系统,再利用福州地区各类场地的地震动放大因子β,经过本系统自行编制的计算程序的快速处理,可以在1～2分钟的时间内得到福州地区的地震烈度分布图及加速度等值线分布图;另外,如果强震台没有得到强震记录,依靠中国地震台网中心发布的地震震源参数信息,同样可以进行烈度快速评估。     

Development of fire risk visualization tool based on heat map

At present, relatively few tools are able to visualize regional fire risks both dynamically and efficiently. As a general method of density clustering and visualization, heat maps can be used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of fire risks. In this study, based on combining a transformed sigmoid function with a heat map method, a transformed sigmoid risk model (TSRM) was proposed. A numerical mapping method between fire risk values and colors was established based on an RGB color model. By using HTML 5 and JavaScript, a fire risk visualization tool (FRVT) was developed based on the TSRM. Baidu Map was used as the geographic information system engine for the FRVT by calling its JavaScript application program interface. To validate the TSRM and FRVT with case studies, 16,448 historical fires from 2013 to 2017 in Changsha, China, were gathered and visualized. The visualization results indicated that the high-risk areas were mainly distributed in urban areas, and that the medium-risk and low-risk areas were primarily distributed in rural areas. The FRVT can also be applied to visualize and analyze process-related fire risks from a regional perspective. In further research, it will be important to update the FRVT, e.g., to visualize the fire risks posed by the transportation of hazardous materials.     

工业噪声对脑认知影响的功率谱估计分析

为明确工业噪声对大脑认知的负面影响,采集火电厂球磨机的工业噪声,征集10名在校大学生在90 dB(A)的稳态工业噪声状态下及安静状态下的32导联脑电图(EEC).采用傅里叶变换方法进行频域分析,提取δ频段、θ频段、α1频段、α2频段和β频段功率谱,并进行统计分析.结果 表明:噪声环境与静音环境相比较,被试在δ频段、θ频...     

安全疏散中ICT技术应用研究脉络与热点分析

为了研究ICT技术在安全疏散领域的应用现状、演进和热点,以Web of Science核心数据库中有关ICT技术对安全疏散应用研究的科技文献为研究对象,运用CiteSpace软件对文献研究主题和时空分布、研究演进和科研网络以及研究热点和前沿态势进行分析。研究结果表明:ICT技术对安全疏散应用研究可以划分为低潮期、发展期和爆发期3个阶段,形成了3大科研网络版块;随着ICT技术的发展,刊发相关研究的期刊从综合类向专业类拓展,并从火灾科学、交通科学和心理科学等多学科进行了交叉研究;在不同的发展时期,研究侧重点不尽相同,当前以无线传感网络、建筑疏散和导航系统等领域为研究热点,基于研究成果,提出相关研究热点和前沿等建议。     

国内外环境噪声监测方法比较及启示

综合比较了中国、日本、欧盟、美国和澳大利亚等国家或地区的环境噪声监测与评价方法,分析了声环境质量监测法、噪声地图预测法和噪声源监测法3种环境噪声评估方法的优缺点,认为声环境质量监测法适合现阶段中国环境噪声监测与管理需求,但下一步应结合噪声产生与传播预测方法改进中国声环境监测评价方法,增强对监测过程的质控,增加重点噪声源监测,以期更全面地反映城市声环境质量状况。