安全疏散中ICT技术应用研究脉络与热点分析

为了研究ICT技术在安全疏散领域的应用现状、演进和热点,以Web of Science核心数据库中有关ICT技术对安全疏散应用研究的科技文献为研究对象,运用CiteSpace软件对文献研究主题和时空分布、研究演进和科研网络以及研究热点和前沿态势进行分析。研究结果表明:ICT技术对安全疏散应用研究可以划分为低潮期、发展期和爆发期3个阶段,形成了3大科研网络版块;随着ICT技术的发展,刊发相关研究的期刊从综合类向专业类拓展,并从火灾科学、交通科学和心理科学等多学科进行了交叉研究;在不同的发展时期,研究侧重点不尽相同,当前以无线传感网络、建筑疏散和导航系统等领域为研究热点,基于研究成果,提出相关研究热点和前沿等建议。     

膜参数对膜吸收法天然气脱硫传质性能的影响研究

以N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)溶液为吸收液,采用膜吸收法进行了模拟天然气脱硫试验,考察了不同膜参数对MDEA溶液脱硫过程中传质性能的影响。结果表明:在较为理想的稳态膜吸收过程中,多孔膜孔径大小、膜厚度以及膜孔形态等因素对稳态膜吸收过程中的传质效果影响不大;在其他条件不变的情况下,多孔膜的传质性能随着孔隙率的增大而提高;同时传质效果还受到膜润湿现象的影响。这说明在较为理想的稳态膜吸收过程中孔隙率是对传质效果产生影响的主要因素,为膜吸收过程传质的影响因素探究及多孔膜选择提供了依据。     

基于CT技术的巢湖沉积物孔隙结构三维重建的初步研究

为更好地了解分析沉积物孔隙结构特征,本文通过CT技术及相关软件,对巢湖沉积物孔隙结构进行了三维重建,展现了巢湖沉积物真实的三维孔隙结构,并以此为基础定量计算了孔隙度、孔隙连通性、曲率等沉积物孔隙结构参数.结果表明,巢湖表层沉积物孔隙度变化范围为0.28~0.75;曲率在2.83~9.31内变化,且在不同方向上表现出明显的差异性,Z方向上的较高曲率阻碍了孔隙水中的污染物扩散.沉积柱在垂直方向上,总体上随深度的增加,孔隙度减小,但在某些深度存在异常,可能是因为底栖动物活动或沉积条件变化.     

High-resolution inventory of NO emissions from agricultural soils over the Ile-de-France region

Arable soils are a significant source of nitric oxide (NO), a precursor of tropospheric ozone, and thereby contribute to ozone pollution. However, their actual impact on ozone formation is strongly related to their spatial and temporal emission patterns, which warrant high-resolution estimates.Here, we combined an agro-ecosystem model and geo-referenced databases to map these sources over the 12 000 km² administrative region surrounding Paris, France, with a kilometric level resolution. The six most frequent arable crop species were simulated, with emission rates ranging from 1.4 kg N-NO ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ to 11.1 kg N-NO ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The overall emission factor for fertilizer-derived NO emissions was 1.7%, while background emissions contributed half of the total NO efflux. Emissions were strongly seasonal, being highest in spring due to fertilizer inputs. They were mostly sensitive to soil type, crops' growing season and fertilizer N rates.     

不同影响因素下石油污染土电阻率特征研究

通过室内配制标准样品的方式,利用Miller Soil Box法研究了土壤类型及组成、石油种类、含水饱和度、含油饱和度和孔隙率对石油污染土电阻率的影响,并利用灰色关联度法确定了电性变化主控因素,探讨了石油污染土电阻率公式.结果显示,不同土壤类型及组成的石油污染土电阻率大小存在差异,但影响因素主次顺序均为含水饱和度、含油饱和度、孔隙率;不同石油种类污染土电阻率差异较小;电阻率受土壤初始含水率影响较大,不同初始含水率状态下电阻率变化规律不同.通过引入含油饱和度改进Archie型公式,重新拟合石油污染土电阻率和污染物含量数据后发现,计算值和实测值的变化趋势更接近.     

Fast method for simulation of radionuclide chain migration in dual porosity fracture rocks

In fractured rocks with a porous rock matrix such as granites, radionuclides will flow with the water in the fracture network. The nuclides will diffuse in and out the rock matrix where they can sorb and be considerably retarded compared to the water velocity. A water parcel entering the network will mix and split at the fracture intersections and parts of the original parcel will traverse a multitude of different fractures. The flowrates, velocities, sizes and apertures of the fractures can vary widely. Normally one must solve the transport equations for every fracture and use the effluent concentration as inlet condition to the next fracture and so on. It is shown that under some weakly simplified conditions it suffices to determine one single parameter group containing information on the flow wetted surface that a water parcel contacts along the entire path. It is also shown how this can be obtained. Then, solving the transport equations only once for time and location along the path gives the concentration and nuclide flux of every nuclide in the chain everywhere along a path. The same solution actually is valid for every path in the network. This dramatically reduces the computation effort. The same approach can be used for models based on streamtubes.     

基于CiteSpace中国生态补偿研究的知识图谱分析

生态补偿已成为生态环境管理领域的热点问题。本文基于CiteSpace可视化文献分析工具,以CSSCI数据库中1998—2018年的期刊论文作为数据源,以"生态补偿"为关键词进行文献检索,通过共被引、关键词共现分析以及聚类分析等,探讨生态补偿研究领域的知识基础以及研究热点与前沿。结果表明:①生态补偿研究的发文数量经历了缓慢上升、快速增长、平稳增加三个阶段;②生态补偿研究作者集中度较高,发行期刊涵盖经济学、地理学、生态学、制度经济学等多个学科,反映出生态补偿是一个多学科交叉的研究主题,生态补偿研究的综合性不断增强;③依据关键词知识图谱,"国家重点生态功能区""生态环境""可持续发展"等成为最新研究热点;④新时期生态文明建设下,"草原生态补偿""支付意愿""转移支付""退耕还林"等成为生态补偿研究的最新前沿话题。     

Marine Eutrophication: A Proposed Data Analysis Procedure For Assessing Spatial Trends

A methodology for the discrimination of the different trophic levels at a spatial scale in the marine environment is proposedusing spatial analysis methods and non-parametric statistics. Phytoplankton cell number, being a representative parameter to express trophic trends in the marine ecosystem is selected forthe methodology development; Saronicos Gulf, Greece is used for the case study. The proposed stepwise methodology includes interpolation for assessing the spatial distribution of phytoplankton cell number, division of the Gulf into a number of quadrates, development of a scale characterising trophic levels and finally characterisation of the trophic state ofeach quadrate using non-parametric statistics. The advantages of this methodology and the potential applications in coastal management studies are also discussed.     

时序逻辑电路分析方法的改进

本文采用次态卡诺图法对时序逻辑电路的功能进行分析,力图改进传统异步时序电路的分析方法,在保证分析结果正确无误的前提下,简化了常规分析方法中繁琐的步骤,更具有实用性。以一个8421BCD码表示的十进制异步减法计数器为例,给出各触发器状态方程的表达式,并用状态表、状态图分析其逻辑功能。     

辽宁省地质灾害遥感调查电子地图的制作

通过辽宁省地质构造解译图和辽宁省地质灾害遥感解译图这两个电子地图的制作，说明了电子地图制作的工具选择、制作方法、关键技术以及地图应用等。体现了地理信息系统这一现代化科技手段在防灾、减灾和地质环境的整治与保护方面的价值。