论中国可再生能源发展机制

中国可再生能源存在着成本高和市场狭小两大问题，要根本解决这两大问题必须制定新政策，形成新机制。中国的可再生能源政策的多目标性决定了新出台政策应该是一个政策体系，具体应包括目标机制、定价机制、交易机制、选择机制和补偿机制五种运行机制。     

The Declining Influence of Science On Marine Environmental Policy

Differences between the scientific and environmental policy communities regarding marine environmental protection strategies are discussed in the context of the nature and extent of scientific influence on marine environmental policy. Public perceptions of the nature and severity of marine pollution frequently differ from scientific assessments. the thesis of this paper is that the increasing influence of public perception on marine environmental protection policy is leading to the adoption of simplistic and unnecessarily extreme approaches to marine pollution prevention and to a reduced reliance on science. This trend is illustrated by some recent international developments and some suggestions are made towards enhancing the influence of science on marine protection policy.     

论灾区开放政策

本文论述了在我国实行灾区开放政策的重要意义,并以我国唐山、澜沧-耿马地震、原苏联亚美尼亚地震的震后救灾活动为例,以实行不同对外开放政策的效果对比,说明实行灾区开放政策的必要性;用通讯调查的结果和国际救灾组织及主要援助国对外救援情况,反映实行灾区开放政策的可行性。最后,提出灾情开放、救灾开放、灾害的考察研究开放和灾区重建开放的四项灾区开放政策的建议。     

生态公益林建设管理的环境经济政策分析--以广州市为例

根据环境经济学的外部性理论 ,生态公益林建设管理具有外部经济性。使生态公益林建设管理外部性内部化的主要手段是“调节市场”型的环境经济政策 ,即由政府向公众征收生态公益林建设管理费用 ,而“建立市场”型的环境经济政策———明晰生态公益林的产权、承包经营权 ,则是生态公益林建设管理外部性内部化和生态公益林有效管理的需要。广州市生态公益林建设管理中存在的建设管理资金不足、林地的使用权分散、对林农补偿的数量难以确定等问题 ,有待于上述两种环境经济政策来解决     

论环境治道变革

环境政策型态是指环境政策采取的存在方式。根据我国环境政策的绩效表现和我国市场化改革的前景 ,我国环境政策应从“政府直控型环境政策”转向“社会制衡型环境政策” ,谓之“环境政策转型” ,主要途径是扩大社会环境权益 ,同时适当简化政府环境管理过程。为了进一步激励社会力量的环境保护行动 ,建议设立“环境权益保护日” ,并建立“全国环境保护协会”。     

Simulated marine respirometry of biodegradable polymers

Eleven microorganisms were isolated from several temperate marine locations in the northeast Altantic coast of the United States and one tropical location in the Pacific Ocean (Hawaii) for the purpose of developing a rapid and accurate method of screening biodegradable materials for their susceptibility to mineralization. The materials evaluated in this study included chemically modified starch, amylose and pullulan, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate), (PHB/V), cellulose acetate, and a modified lignin/styrene. Some of the soluble, unmodified, biologically produced substrates such as starch, pullulan, and amylose mineralized rapidly. In general, the synthetic, insoluble polymers and the chemically modified polymers, such as acetylated and chlorinated amylose and pullulan, mineralized more slowly, although the ultimate mineralization of some of the substituted polysaccharides equaled or exceeded that of the unmodified substrate. The insoluble bacterial polyester, PHB/V, degraded rapidly after a short induction period. Initial respiration rate data, in general, could not be used as a predictor of ultimate mineralization. It was found that the cumulative level of carbon dioxide evolved signifies the minimum extent of biodegradation of the substrate, and the oxygen consumed is a good indicator of the maximum extent of substrate degradation.Paper presented at the Biodegradable Materials and Packaging Conference, September 22–23, 1993, Natick, Massachusetts.     

世纪之交我国人口,资源,环境的趋势分析与对策

本文全面分析了我国人口、资源、环境的现状;及其在“九五”和2010年的发展趋势;并提出了促进我国经济建设与人口、资源、环境协调发展的对策和建议。     

实现可持续发展的资源与环境政策

为了解决好资源环境问题，实现社会经济可持续发展，我国制定了多部资源与环境法律、法规和多项国家标准。但目前仍然存在一些问题：政策、法规不系统、不完善；多种资源被分割管理；各单项政策法规之间存在着重叠和冲突；一些政策法规内容停留在原则上，缺乏可操作性。我国资源与环境政策应包括以下内容：①资源产权制度及其相关政策；②资源价格政策；③资源与环境产业政策；④资源与环境综合利用政策；⑤环境保护政策等。     

STATE LEGISLATIVE CONSTRAINTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES POLICY1

ABSTRACT: Legislative constraints on the development of water resources policy fit into three broad categories-political, institutional, and informational. The political category encompasses constituency needs and preferences, satisfaction with existing water management practices and policies, and the necessity for legislators to blend political ambition with public problem solving. Constraints fitting into the institutional category include differences in legislative behavior and attitudes that stem from one's location in the legislature (e.g., senate-house, leader-follower, or committee activity), the dynamics of scheduling and organization, and the capability to manage complex issues. Informational constraints refer to the availability of information and the use to which it is put by lawmakers in formulating decisions on waterrelated issues. These constraints are approached from a behavioral perspective by examining several constituency, institutional, and information hypotheses that “explain” legislative involvement with water resources issues. The data are drawn from a recent study of water resources decision making in West Virginia. Eighty-three of the 134 members of the 1975–76 West Virginia Legislature participated in the study.