昆明市松华坝水源区人口与生态环境问题研究

松华坝水源区是昆明市重要的优质饮用水源地,是昆明市人民生活及工农业生产的主要水源。近几年来,随着水源区人口增加,水源区水质与生态环境状况不断恶化,人地矛盾日益突出。分析了目前松华坝水源区水质现状与存在的主要生态环境问题,浅析了水源区生态环境问题形成的主要原因,分析了松华坝水源区生态环境与人口发展的关系,预测了水源区人口的发展趋势与水源区污染物的排放趋势,提出了水源区生态保护的具体措施与相应的人口政策。     

广西防城港红树植物木榄种群结构的研究

木榄是红树林重要树种,在广西主要分布在防城港.本文从种群生态学的角度,探讨了广西防城港红树林保护区木榄种群的高度结构、胸径结构、冠幅结构和空间格局特征.结果表明,木榄种群个体高度集中分布在2～4 m;木榄种群个体胸径集中分布在10～20 cm或30～50 cm.木榄种群冠幅结构受密度、个体对空间竞争等的影响较大,冠幅直径与种群密度呈现较高程度的负相关(R=-0.911).样地Q1,Q2,Q3趋于集群分布;样地Q5处于集群分布;样地Q4,Q6趋于随机分布.     

云模型在城镇空气质量评价中的应用

空气质量评价是当前城镇环境评价的一个重要环节,这一过程存在着很强的模糊性和随机性。云模型把模糊性和随机性完全集成,构成定性与定量之间的映射。文章将云模型引入空气质量评价,结合空气质量评价标准,建立了云模型空气质量评价方法,并通过对比验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于一维卷积神经网络的燃气管道泄漏声发射信号识别*

为保障燃气管道系统安全运行,及时诊断管道故障,基于VGG-16模型提出基于一维卷积神经网络的燃气管道故障诊断模型,提取原始声发射信号特征参数,有效诊断燃气管道故障。结果表明:基于一维卷积神经网络的燃气管道故障诊断模型,能够有效解决燃气管道故障诊断过程中数据预处理复杂、特征提取困难以及识别准确率低等问题,可为燃气管道故障诊断提供技术支撑。     

Assessing regulatory effectiveness with exogenously declining risk: a case study of the CPSC's 1973 mattress standard

INTRODUCTION: This paper examines the contribution of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) 1973 cigarette ignition mattress flammability standard to reduce mattress fires since 1980, when the U.S. Fire Administration's National Fire Incident Reporting System became fully operational. METHOD: The paper attempts to separate the effect of the cigarette ignition standard from the declining trend in mattress fires that would have resulted without the standard. We analyze the impact of the 1973 cigarette standard on smoking material ignition fires, deaths, and injuries as well as its effect on fires, deaths, and injuries from all ignition sources (smoking material ignitions, open-flame ignitions, and other ignition sources). Impacts on Industry: The results suggest that the 1973 mattress standard has effectively reduced the mattress fire risk and that further reductions in risk via actions tied specifically to cigarette ignition are likely to be difficult to achieve.     

基于蝴蝶型突变理论的安全生产保障系统分析和探讨

利用突变理论探讨事故致因模型,揭示事故致因的基本要素及其内在联系,对构成的要素进行抽象化,将对众多复杂企业的不安全因素进一步归纳为"人-机-环境-管理"安全生产保障系统,分析建立该系统的必要性,在突变理论的蝴蝶型与该系统结合性的基础上,探讨和建立安全决策和安全对策模型,将企业的安全生产危险程度分为理想的安全区域、危险区域、相对的安全区域。提出了危险程度和安全状况改进的数学模型,蝴蝶型突变理论能够揭示企业的安全状况。     

Cu2+对栅藻和鱼腥藻增殖的影响

通过藻类增长潜力(AGP)实验,研究了铜离子浓度对2种淡水浮游藻类增殖的影响.结果显示,当Cu2 质量浓度为0.001～0.100 mg·L-1时,能促进斜生栅藻增殖; Cu2 质量浓度为1.000～100.000 mg·L-1时,对斜生栅藻产生不同程度的毒性效应.当Cu2 质量浓度为0.001～0.010 mg·L-1时,会促进鱼腥藻增殖; Cu2 质量浓度为0.100～100.000 mg·L-1时,会对鱼腥藻产生不同程度的毒性效应.当Cu2 浓度为0.001～0.100 mg·L-1时,斜生栅藻和鱼腥藻细胞经过2 d的调整期,从生理上适应了新环境并进入对数增长期; Cu2 浓度达到1.000 mg·L-1时则需经4 d的调整期才能进入对数增长期,到14 d时2种藻细胞的密度仍在增加.对栅藻和鱼腥藻细胞密度的平均比增长率比较显示,斜生栅藻对Cu2 毒性效应的耐受力大于鱼腥藻.结果表明,在淡水水体中,微量的Cu2 有利于浮游藻类增殖,能够增进水体的富营养程度; Cu2 浓度超过1.000 mg·L-1时对浮游藻类的繁殖与生长有抑制或毒害作用; 过量的Cu2 还可能会导致食物链的破坏与水源的污染.因此,在使用硫酸铜杀藻时应注意其用量与使用次数可能会对水体造成的影响.     

Spatial population structure in forest voles of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clethrionomys</Emphasis> in the southern taiga of the Middle Irtysh region

A comparative analysis of spatial population structure in the northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus Pall.) and large-toothed red-backed vole (Cl. rufocanus Sund.) has been performed in the middle taiga zone of the Middle Irtysh region (Omsk oblast). Populations of these species are represented by sets of territorial groups whose numbers and spatial distribution change from year to year depending on the ratio of these species in a biotope and their population density. There is no significant interspecific competition between cohabitant Cl. rutilus and Cl. rufocanus. In particular, this follows from the fact that the population density and distribution pattern of one species are independent of those of the other species. It has been found that the size of home ranges in Cl. rutilus inversely depends on its population density, with that in Cl. rufocanus remaining approximately the same at different population densities, and that the structure of the resident part of the population in both species changes during the season, as voles from neighboring habitats or dispersing voles settle in the study area.     

Ecology of reproduction of the red king crab

Conditions for reproduction of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschatica (Tilesius) on scallop plantations in Primorye have been studied. It has been found that the settling of larvae and the growth of juveniles to the size sufficient for their survival take place only in the cleanest water areas of Peter the Great Bay. Solar activity (expressed as the Wolfer number) is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting P. camtschatica reproduction. The population dynamics of juvenile crabs are characterized by fluctuations with two-year and five-year cycles.