Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in a Mini-Channel with Water Infiltration Continuously Along the Flow Direction

Characteristics of air–water two-phase flow pattern in a square-mini-channel were investigated experimentally. One sidewall of the flow channel was made of a permeable porous media. Air was fed into the channel from its inlet, while liquid water was injected uniformly into the channel along the permeable sidewall. Based on the results of visualization, the typical flow patterns encountered in the conventional co-current gas–liquid two-phase flow were not observed in the present work. Flow patterns of this special gas–liquid two-phase flow were catalogued, and the influence of gas flow rate and liquid infiltration rate on flow patterns was also analyzed. The results also indicate that the channel differential pressure on both sides brings obvious fluctuations when the liquid is infiltrated. The frequency of this fluctuation depends not only on the amount of liquid infiltration but also relies on the gas flow rate significantly. However, the amount of liquid infiltration barely affects the fluctuation in the amplitude of the pressure differential.     

多孔陶瓷滤料的亲油改性及其除油性能

研究了铝酸酯偶联剂对多孔陶瓷滤料的亲油改性及改性滤料的除油性能。用正交实验优化改性工艺,并对改性前后滤料用FTIR、SEM、密度、孔隙率及接触角等手段进行表征。结果表明:最佳改性工艺参数为铝酸酯偶联剂5%(改性液质量分数)、改性温度90℃、改性时间20 min和涂层次数1次。改性滤料FTIR图在2 920.95 cm-1和2 851.63cm-1处出现了CH3、CH2等特征吸收峰,其密度和孔隙率减小,而对水的接触角明显增大,表明多孔陶瓷滤料亲油改性成功。用改性滤料处理模拟油田采出水,控制滤速15 m/h,20 min后采样测出水中油的浓度,其去油率由预处理65.18%增加到96.46%;穿透曲线的研究表明,原始、预处理及改性滤料运行时间分别为48、85和149 min,可见改性滤料的运行时间更长,其较原始与预处理滤料分别延长了101 min和64 min,且其去油率能持续45 min维持在90%以上。可见经亲油改性的多孔陶瓷滤料是一种良好的聚结除油材料。     

Evaluation of the e ectiveness of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for di erent media

Two media bed (gravel and Filtralite NR) were tested in a mesocosm to evaluate the removal of organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)), ammonia (NH4-N), nitrite, nitrate and solid matter (as total suspended solids (TSS)) for a synthetic wastewater (acetate-based) and a domestic wastewater. The use of Filtralite allowed average removal rates (6–16.8 g COD/(m2 day), 0.8–1.1 g NH4-N/(m2 day) and 3.1 g TSS/(m2 day)) and removal e ciencies (65%–93%, 57%–85% and 78% for COD, NH4-N and TSS, respectively), higher than that observed in the experiments with gravel. The applied loads of COD, ammonia, nitrate and TSS seem to influence the respective removal rates but only for the treatment of domestic wastewater with higher correlation coe cients for Filtralite. Regardless the type of media bed and the type of wastewater, nitrate was completely removed for nitrogen loading rates up to 1.3 g NO3-N/(m2 day). There was no evidence of the influence of nitrate loads on the removal of organic matter.     

氧化铁涂层砂变性滤料除砷性能研究

氧化铁涂层砂和未涂层石英砂除砷过滤实验比较表明,氧化铁涂层砂除砷效果显著,去除率达95%以上,基本遵循低pH,高去除率的规律,除砷吸附等温线属于Langmuir型,单层吸附。     

复配介质去除地下水中腐殖酸

以模拟地下水为研究对象,进行了复配介质去除地下水中腐殖酸的实验研究。探讨了配比、粒径、固液比、pH和温度对腐殖酸去除效果的影响。腐殖酸的浓度通过紫外分光光度法测定。结果表明:在不加活性炭的条件下,H物质∶X物质∶Q物质=1∶8∶8时,其硬度较好;在初始pH=6.34、反应时间为4 h时,去除率可达到95%以上;当反应时间≤1 h时,去除率随粒径增大而减小,而当反应时间为2～6 h时,小粒径和中等粒径复配介质对腐殖酸去除率略高于大粒径;一定浓度范围内,腐殖酸的去除率与固液比呈正相关,但固液比增大时,并不能无限提高去除率,当固液比为1∶200～1∶50时,去除率呈现平台;pH对复配介质去除效果影响不大,而温度对腐殖酸的去除有显著影响,较低温度(16.8℃)下的去除率比较高温度(35.0℃)下的去除率高5%。该复配介质去除地下水中腐殖酸是有效可行的,可作为PRB(permeable reactive barrier,渗透反应格栅)的潜在反应介质。     

鼠李糖脂对不同菌株降解柴油污染物的影响

通过一系列实验分析了鼠李糖脂对柴油污染物生物降解的影响。单菌株柴油降解实验结果表明,在添加生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂后,各菌株细胞表面疏水性均发生不同程度的增加,并且对柴油的降解率均有所提高。在混合菌的柴油污染物降解实验中,发现当向土壤中添加了200 mg/L鼠李糖脂时,对柴油的降解才有较大的提高;而当添加100 mg/L的鼠李糖脂到水体中时,对柴油的降解就有较大的提高,而当鼠李糖脂浓度提高为200 mg/L时,柴油的降解率却没有进一步明显的提高。这说明鼠李糖脂对柴油降解的影响程度不仅与环境介质有关,还与添加的鼠李糖脂浓度有关。进一步分析表明,添加适当浓度的鼠李糖脂不仅可以提高对柴油的降解率,而且可加速其降解速度,缩短生物修复所需时间。     

A/O一体式曝气生物滤池处理生活污水

在原水水力负荷为1．1m/h，回流比为2的条件下，考察了缺氧－好氧一体式生物滤池在气水比为4∶1、5∶1和6∶1工况下对生活污水的处理效果。研究结果表明，对生活污水有着良好的处理效果，处理出水可稳定地达到国家二级排放标准。随着气水比的增加，系统对COD、BOD5和氨氮的去除率有所提高，缺氧－好氧暴气一体式生物滤池具有良好的硝化、反硝化效果。硝化作用主要在好氧区完成，反硝化作用在缺氧区45cm处即可完成。     

环境介质中有机磷农药残留分析方法

介绍了环境介质中有机磷农药残留的前处理技术和测定方法,并讨论了几种检测器的特性及其在有机磷农药测定中的适用条件。     

高温除尘无机滤料国内外进展综述

介绍了高温除尘无机滤料的主要种类和组成成分。依据不同的孔隙率,高温除尘无机滤料可分为无机低密度滤料和无机高密度滤料。无机低密度滤料主要可由玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、金属纤维、玄武岩纤维等构成,而无机高密度滤料主要包括高密度陶瓷滤料和高密度金属滤料。并分别对无机低密度滤料和无机高密度滤料的理化性质、稳定运行温度,以及国外内的应用与研究情况进行了详细阐述。     

南宁市多环境介质中多环芳烃分布特征

为了确定多环境介质中多环芳烃的浓度、组成和分布特征,采集南宁市冬夏季空气、大气干湿沉降物、土壤和地下水样品,利用16种多环芳烃的成分谱,结合其物理化学性质,分析多环芳烃在多环境介质中的浓度、组成和分布特征,结果表明:1空气和大气干湿沉降物中PAHs均以2~3环为主,由于冬夏季节差异性,冬季ΣPAHs浓度高于夏季;2土壤中PAHs以2~3环为主,且土壤颗粒粒径分布差异性是导致不同层位PAHs分布特征差异的主要原因;3地下水中PAHs检出种类少,检出量小,也表明土壤包气带能够"截留"较多的PAHs;416种PAHs在不同环境介质中质量分数均呈现由低环向高环递减的趋势,且两地区冬夏季2~3环和5~6环PAHs在各环境介质中分布特征具有较好的一致性,但也有一定的差异.这与PAHs的理化性质、水文地质条件、城市污染状况、天气状况等方面有关.