石榴石滤料的过滤性能及反冲洗试验研究

石榴石作为一种新型矿物滤料在净水处理方面具有强大的竞争力和广阔的应用前景.通过对石榴石滤料进行过滤及反冲洗试验,研究其截污除浊性能、水头损失变化规律及对有机物的去除效果,并与传统的石英砂滤料做对比,同时探讨了石榴石滤料的适宜反冲洗强度范围及气水反冲洗运行参数.结果表明:在滤速为8 m/h的条件下,与石英砂滤柱的过滤效果相比,石榴石滤柱滤后水的平均浊度下降0.3 NTU,有机物平均质量分数下降5%,但其平均水头损失增长率为1 cm/h;在截污除浊及去除有机物方面,石榴石滤柱在60 cm滤层厚度处与石英砂滤柱在85 cm滤层厚度的去除效果十分接近,因此其能有效减少滤料体积,从而节省滤料及节约设备投资.在不同滤速下,水头损失是限制石榴石滤柱过滤周期的主要因素;石榴石滤料适宜的气反冲洗强度范围为14~16 L/（s·m2）,水反冲洗强度范围为5~7 L/（s·m2）,其气水反冲洗的最佳运行参数为气洗强度16 L/（s·m2）、水洗强度7 L/（s·m2）、气水联合反冲洗4 min、单独水漂洗7 min.其中,气反冲洗强度对石榴石滤料的反冲洗效果影响最大.研究显示,相较于传统石英砂滤料,石榴石滤料具有高过滤性能、低滤料体积的特点,在水处理滤料的应用方面显示出一定的优势.      

重金属与富里酸的竞争络合作用对其在多孔介质中运移的影响

为了研究在土壤地下水环境中运移时,多种重金属在可溶性有机质上的竞争络合作用,于阜新彰武采集草炭土并提取富里酸(FA),通过柱实验,分析了重金属与FA在多孔介质(石英砂柱)中共同运移时,FA对重金属Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)运移的促进或抑制作用,以及这些重金属在FA上的竞争作用。结果表明,FA与单一组分重金属(Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+))在多孔介质中共同运移时,运移能力大小排序为Zn~(2+)Cd~(2+)Pb~(2+);与两组分重金属(Zn~(2+)+Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)+Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)+Cd~(2+))共同运移时,Zn~(2+)会抑制Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的运移,Cd~(2+)会抑制Zn~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的运移,Pb~(2+)会促进Zn~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的运移;与三组分重金属(Zn~(2+)+Pb~(2+)+Cd~(2+))共同运移时,竞争运移的能力大小为Zn~(2+)Cd~(2+)Pb~(2+)。     

生物填料在废水处理中的应用及研究进展

概述了废水处理中生物填料的应用现状和发展,首先介绍了常用填料,如定型固定式填料、悬挂式填料及分散型填料在废水处理中的应用,其次以亲水、生物亲和及生物亲和亲水磁性填料为代表,对新型填料在废水处理中的应用作了阐述。     

不同载体携带纳米零价铁在多孔介质中的迁移特性

批次试验和模拟柱试验探讨了NZVI在3种载体(水、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液和SDS泡沫)中的稳定性以及在3种载体携带作用下NZVI在多孔介质(0.25~0.5mm, 0.5~0.9mm, 0.9~1.4mm)中的迁移特性.由实验可知,对于NZVI悬浊液,在0.9~1.4mm,0.5~0.9mm和0.25~0.5mm介质中,NZVI从模拟柱中的溢出率分别为20.9%,17.4%和6.5%,NZVI在介质中分布的均匀性关系为0.9~1.4mm>0.5~0.9mm>0.25~0.5mm;对于SDS-NZVI悬浊液,NZVI在0.9~1.4mm 和0.5~0.9mm介质中的迁移性较0.25~0.5mm介质远远增强,NZVI在介质中分布均匀性关系为0.5~0.9mm>0.9~1.4mm>0.25~0.5mm;对于NZVI负载泡沫,NZVI在0.5~0.9mm与0.25~0.5mm介质中的迁移性较NZVI悬浊液和SDS-NZVI悬浊液增强,NZVI在0.5~0.9mm介质中分布均匀性较好,0.25~0.5mm其次,0.9~1.4mm均匀性最差.研究结果表明,SDS溶液和SDS泡沫与水相比较均有效促进了NZVI在3种介质中的运移,然而对于0.9~1.4mm介质,SDS溶液对NZVI迁移的促进作用较SDS泡沫更明显,对于0.25~0.5mm介质,SDS泡沫对NZVI迁移的促进作用较SDS溶液更大.     

Disaster journalism: fostering citizen and community disaster mitigation,preparedness, response,recovery, and resilience across the disaster cycle

Natural and human‐caused disasters pose a significant risk to the health and well‐being of people. Journalists and news organisations can fulfil multiple roles related to disasters, ranging from providing warnings, assessing disaster mitigation and preparedness, and reporting on what occurs, to aiding long‐term recovery and fostering disaster resilience. This paper considers these possible functions of disaster journalism and draws on semi‐structured interviews with 24 journalists in the United States to understand better their approach to the discipline. A thematic analysis was employed, which resulted in the identification of five main themes and accompanying subthemes: (i) examining disaster mitigation and preparedness; (ii) facilitating recovery; (iii) self‐care and care of journalists; (iv) continued spread of social media; and (v) disaster journalism ethics. The paper concludes that disaster journalism done poorly can result in harm, but done well, it can be an essential instrument with respect to public disaster planning, management, response, and recovery.     

基于社交媒体建构的旅游演艺品牌符号研究--以《长恨歌》为例

运用内容分析法对《长恨歌》社交媒体的营销话语进行了梳理,并基于皮尔斯符号三元论,探究了旅游演艺在社交媒体平台中的品牌符号建构模式。结果发现:建构过程主要分为表征、传播和感知3个阶段,《长恨歌》品牌符号表征可划分为历史文化、知识信息、价值感知、环境服务和互动仪式5大主题,传播呈现时间同步性和空间异质性规律,旅游演艺品牌符号在激发受众多维感知的过程中,塑造出《长恨歌》深入人心、历久弥新的品牌形象,为社交媒体语境下旅游演艺品牌营销带来启示。     

土壤气相抽提过程中多孔介质扰动的数值分析

基于质量守恒与流体达西定律推导水气二相流动的连续性微分方程,进而结合饱和度~相对渗透率~毛细压力耦合关系构建二相流动数学模型,并建立多孔介质孔隙度变化与水气二相饱和度之间的数学关系,最终实现多孔介质扰动时空变化的定量表征.案例模拟分析结果表明:对于特定场地而言,抽提影响带的空间形态与抽提真空度密切相关,抽提真空度越大,影响半径及影响带内的气流速度越大,本案例中抽提真空度在11kPa和31kPa时的抽提影响半径分别达到8.5m和9m;在抽提过程中,孔隙度及渗透率随时间呈现先增加后稳定的显著变化,达到稳定所需的时长及其变幅则与离抽提段的空间距离成反相关,抽提压力为0.7′105Pa、特征参数 =0.8的情景模拟显示:距离抽提段1m的P1点在约40min后孔隙度达到稳定、增幅为0.0387,而较远的P4点,距抽提段水平距离为3m,约在60min后达到稳定、增幅为0.0031,相应地,P1和P4点介质渗透率分别从1.18×10-11m2增加至2.22×10-11与1.25×10-11m2;在相同抽提压力下,孔隙度增幅与关键参数 值成正相关,抽提压力为0.9×105Pa、 =0.1和0.8时的孔隙度最大增幅分别约为0.009和0.055;相同参数 条件下,孔隙度增幅与抽提压力成正相关, =0.8、抽提压力为0.7×105Pa时的孔隙度最大增幅则达到0.066.     

The role of social media for sustainable development in mountain region tourism in Pakistan

This research letter focuses on tourist behavior and tourism business operators’ contributions to rural mountain region economic growth and sustainable development when using social media. Data were collected from 43 interviews from different tourism business operators, and a questionnaire survey of 576 tourists from the Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Drawing on development communication theory, the study reveals that there is a positive relationship between the tourists’ intentions and rural mountain region sustainable development. The study also reveals that most tourists are willing to pay more taxes when touring mountain regions. The real business outcomes from tourism business operators show that rural mountain region tourism creates better employment opportunities for the rural population. All tourists demonstrated the motivation to take part in rural mountain region sustainable development while touring rural locations. The study also offers policy implications.     

Transport of antibiotic resistance plasmids in porous media and the influence of surfactants

Transport of engineered antibiotic resistance plasmids in porous media has been reported to potentially cause significant spreading of antibiotic resistance in the environment. In this work, transport of an indigenous resistance plasmid pK5 in porous media was investigated through packed column experiments. At identical ionic strengths in CaCl₂ solutions, the breakthroughs of pK5 from soil columns were very close to those from quartz sand columns, indicating that transport of pK5 in quartz sand and soil was similar. A similarity in transport behavior was also found between pK5 and an engineered plasmid pBR322 that has approximately the same number of base pairs as pK5. The influence of surfactants, a major group of constituents in soil solutions, was examined using an engineered plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)/myc-His A. The impact of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was negligible at concentrations up to 200 mg·L^–1. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, was found to significantly enhance plasmid adsorption at high concentrations. However, at environmentally relevant concentrations (<1 mg·L^–1), the effect of this surfactant was also minimal. The negligible impact of surfactants and the similarity between the transport of engineered and indigenous plasmids indicate that under environmentally relevant conditions, indigenous plasmids in soil also have the potential to transport over long distances and lead to the spreading of antibiotic resistance.

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Media coverage of the ‘UK flooding crisis’: a social panorama

A disaster referred to by the press as the ‘UK flooding crisis’ occurred between December 2015 and January 2016. This study employed three different levels of analysis to identify a multidimensional perspective adopted in the disaster reporting of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). These levels revealed details about the social actors and their interactions. The set of news exposed diverse viewpoints on the crisis, from loss and damage to distinct affected subgroups to the various social engagement actions of aid and the multiplicity of technical response measures. The conclusions highlight considerable social amplitude in the BBC's coverage; however, owing to the reductionist approach of this media communicator, the field of action involving different social actors was not very clear in the content of the news, particularly with regard to cohesion, conflict/obstruction, and concernthe concept of crisis in its essence. In addition, the paper suggests new questions for future reports. 1