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71.
The purpose of this study is to present a library of analytical solutions for the three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media with the first-order decay, linear sorption, and zero-order production. The library is constructed using Green’s function method (GFM) in combination with available solutions. The library covers a wide range of solutions for various conditions. The aquifer can be vertically finite, semi-infinitive or infinitive, and laterally semi-infinitive or infinitive. The geometry of the sources can be of point, line, plane or volumetric body; and the source release can be continuous, instantaneous, or by following a given function over time. Dimensionless forms of the solutions are also proposed. A computer code FlowCAS is developed to calculate the solutions. Calculated results demonstrate the correctness of the presented solutions. The library is widely applicable to solve contaminant transport problems of one- or multiple- dimensions in uniform flow fields. 相似文献
72.
The presence of an immobile gaseous phase in an otherwise-saturated porous medium affects the transport of volatile compounds. The linear theory of partitioning tracers suggests that a volatile tracer introduced into such a system should be retarded with a constant retardation factor. Using high concentrations, however, the saturation of the gaseous phase will change as an effect of the tracer test itself. Competitive gas transfer among all volatile compounds and the change of saturation may lead to tracer concentrations that are temporarily higher than those injected. We analyze the system in the framework of the coherence theory by Helfferich [Soc. Pet. Eng. J. 21 (1) (1981) 51]. The governing equations are formulated as functions of total concentration, i.e., the mass of solutes in all phases per pore volume. Neglecting dispersion and mass-transfer kinetics, we derive the characteristic form of the resulting system of hyperbolic equations. In a system with N volatile compounds, a variation of the concentrations splits up into N waves, each traveling with its own characteristic velocity. If the presence of a gaseous phase is sustained, one wave will be a standing one. We perform numerical model calculations for tracers with various Henry's law coefficients and show that the results agree with the semi-analytical solution obtained by coherence theory. 相似文献
73.
Solute transport in fractured rocks is of major interest in many applications, from the petroleum industry to ground water management. This work focuses on the dispersion process in a transparent replica of a real single fracture. The fracture exhibits strong changes in heterogeneity, with the first half very heterogeneous and the second half fairly homogeneous. Three models have been used to interpret the tracer experiments: the classical advection-dispersion equation (ADE), the continuous time random walk (CTRW), and the stratified model. The main goals were to test these models and to study possible correlations between fitting parameters and heterogeneities. As expected, the solution derived from the ADE equation appears to be unable to model long-time tailing behavior. On the other hand, the results confirm the CTRW robustness and the coefficient beta seems well correlated to heterogeneities. Finally, the stratified model is also able to describe non-Fickian dispersion. The parameters defined by this model are correlated to the heterogeneities of the fracture. 相似文献
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Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media,
gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. A total of 20 fatty
acids in the range of C11 to C20 were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids,
branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the
relative proportions of these fatty acids in di erent media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The
PLFA composition showed significant di erences among the eight di erent media by Tukey’s honestly test. It was found that steel slag
was significantly di erent in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline e uent. Steel
slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis (PCA) showed that
zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were
distinct from other media. 相似文献
79.
生物炭颗粒在多孔介质中的迁移行为不仅决定了其在环境中的归趋,也极大地影响了被吸附污染物的环境行为.以往的研究主要集中在生物炭胶体在均性多孔介质中的迁移行为,但实际环境介质通常是非均性的,目前对生物炭胶体在非均性多孔介质中的迁移行为知之甚少.本研究采用两种不同粒径的石英砂构建了上下两层非均性填充柱(上层细颗粒,下层粗颗粒),研究了生物炭胶体在非均性多孔介质中的迁移和截留行为,考察了溶液离子强度和pH对生物炭胶体迁移能力的影响.研究结果表明在非均性多孔介质中,生物炭胶体具有很高的迁移能力,在离子强度为1~50 mmol·L-1,pH为4.0~11.0条件下,生物炭胶体的迁移率达40.2%~88.0%.非均性介质中生物炭胶体的截留曲线表现为非单调型曲线,截留量峰值往往出现在细-粗石英砂的交界面处(细石英砂侧),这与非均性介质中显著的电荷异质性、介质尺寸异质性和迁移过程中传质通量异质性有关.生物炭胶体在上层细石英砂中的截留量显著大于其在下层粗石英砂中的截留量,表明上层细石英砂是影响生物炭胶体迁移行为的关键层.随着溶液离子强度增加,生物炭胶体自团聚作用增强,其与石英砂介质间界面作用能垒降低,因而生物炭胶体的迁移能力减弱.由于生物炭胶体与细石英砂间的物理张力作用趋于显著,增加离子强度提高了生物炭胶体在上层细石英砂中的截留比率.中性和碱性条件下生物炭胶体的迁移能力较强,而在酸性条件下,生物炭胶体表面电负性显著降低,团聚体粒径增大,生物炭胶体的迁移能力较弱.降低溶液pH增加了生物炭胶体在上层细石英砂中的截留比率.本研究的结果将有利于人们更好地了解生物炭胶体在复杂多孔介质中的迁移行为,为全面评估生物炭的潜在环境风险提供理论支持. 相似文献
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