肺炎疫情期间医护人员心理危机干预效果分析

为提升医护人员心理健康水平,该文对肺炎疫情期间医护人员实施心理危机干预并分析其效果,以参与2020年1月25日-2月25日湖北省武汉市新冠肺炎疫情期间救治工作的300名医护人员作为研究对象,平均划分为实验组和对照组,其中针对实验组实施统一的心理危机干预训练,此期间对照组未参与训练但日常生活与实验组统一,选取四种量表分别对干预前后的两组实施测评。测评结果表明,干预后实验组的SCL-90各因子得分、SDS得分及SAS得分较干预前均下降明显,且下降幅度超过对照组;实验组干预后的GQOLI总得分与各维度得分均较干预前显著升高,且升高幅度高于对照组。综上,心理危机干预可显著提升医护人员的心理健康水平,缓解其心理紧张等症状,能够在一定程度上降低肺炎疫情期间医护人员的心理危机感。     

Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: implications for population health risk

Decades of intensive industrial and agricultural practices as well as rapid urbanization have left communities like Pueblo, Colorado facing potential health threats from pollution of its soils, air, water and food supply. To address such concerns about environmental contamination, we conducted an urban geochemical study of the city of Pueblo to offer insights into the potential chemical hazards in soil and inform priorities for future health studies and population interventions aimed at reducing exposures to inorganic substances. The current study characterizes the environmental landscape of Pueblo in terms of heavy metals, and relates this to population distributions. Soil was sampled within the city along transects and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). We also profiled Pueblo’s communities in terms of their socioeconomic status and demographics. ArcGIS 9.0 was used to perform exploratory spatial data analysis and generate community profiles and prediction maps. The topsoil in Pueblo contains more As, Cd, Hg and Pb than national soil averages, although average Hg content in Pueblo was within reported baseline ranges. The highest levels of As concentrations ranged between 56.6 and 66.5 ppm. Lead concentrations exceeded 300 ppm in several of Pueblo’s residential communities. Elevated levels of lead are concentrated in low-income Hispanic and African-American communities. Areas of excessively high Cd concentration exist around Pueblo, including low income and minority communities, raising additional health and environmental justice concerns. Although the distribution patterns vary by element and may reflect both industrial and non-industrial sources, the study confirms that there is environmental contamination around Pueblo and underscores the need for a comprehensive public health approach to address environmental threats in urban communities.     

医用输液生产中药品安全隐患分析及对策

针对医用输液生产中易受到异物污染、存在安全隐患的现状,分析安全隐患产生的主要环节及成因。当前生产中普遍采用的人工灯检方法,由于劳动强度大、工人易疲劳,并不能从源头上完全杜绝含有异物微粒的输液进入临床。为此,提出利用机器视觉技术对输液中异物微粒进行在线自动检测的解决方案。首先建立输液中异物粒子的运动轨迹数学模型;然后提取输液视觉图像序列中每个可能目标的有效特征,通过特征匹配和轨迹关联进行甄别检测;最后对视觉系统进行标定,确定检测到的异物微粒的粒径大小及微粒数量。实验表明,该技术对输液中微小异物检出确率达95%以上,能从源头上有效避免医用输液生产中异物污染。     

依法科学管理处置医疗废物

针对我国医疗废物管理和处置现状,提出完善有关医疗废物管理和处置的法律体系等七项措施。     

枣庄市医疗废物处理对策研究浅析

通过对医疗废物的危害和相关处理技术等问题的研究,提出枣庄市医疗废物处理对策的研究方案,为建立枣庄市医疗废物集中处理中心提供参考,可作为政府及相关业务主管部门的决策依据。     

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GROUND WATER AND SURFACE WATER IN THE SUWANNEE RIVER BASIN,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Ground water and surface water constitute a single dynamic system in most parts of the Suwannee River basin due to the presence of karst features that facilitate the interaction between the surface and subsurface. Low radon-222 concentrations (below background levels) and enriched amounts of oxygen-18 and deuterium in ground water indicate mixing with surface water in parts of the basin. Comparison of surface water and regional ground water flow patterns indicate that boundaries for ground water basins typically do not coincide with surface water drainage subbasins. There are several areas in the basin where ground water flow that originates outside of the Suwannee River basin crosses surface water basin boundaries during both low-flow and high-flow conditions. In a study area adjacent to the Suwannee River that consists predominantly of agricultural land use, 18 wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer and 7 springs were sampled three times during 1990 through 1994 for major dissolved inorganic constituents, trace elements, and nutrients. During a period of above normal rainfall that resulted in high river stage and high ground water levels in 1991, the combination of increased amounts of dissolved organic carbon and decreased levels of dissolved oxygen in ground water created conditions favorable for the natural reduction of nitrate by denitrification reactions in the aquifer. As a result, less nitrate was discharged by ground water to the Suwannee River.     

SALINITY INCREASES IN THE NAVAJO AQUIFER IN SOUTHEASTERN UTAH1

ABSTRACT: Salinity increases in water in some parts of the Nava-jo aquifer in southeastern Utah have been documented previously. The purpose of this paper is to use bromide, iodide, and chloride concentrations and del oxygen-18 and deuterium values in water from the study area to determine if oil-field brines (OFB) could be the source of increased salinity. Mixing-model results indicate that the bromide-to-chloride X 10,000 weight ratio characteristic of OFB in and outside the study area could not be causing the bromide depletion with increasing salinity in the Navajo aquifer. Mixing-model results indicate that a mixture of one percent OFB with 99 percent Navajo aquifer water would more than double the bromide-to-chloride weight ratio, instead of the observed decrease in the weight ratio with increasing chloride concentration. The trend of the mixing line representing the isotopically enriched samples from the Navajo aquifer does not indicate OFB as the source of isotopically enriched water; however, the simulated isotopic composition of injection water could be a salinity source. The lighter isotopic composition of OFB samples from the Aneth, Ratherford, White Mesa Unit, and McElmo Creek injection sites relative to the lsmay site is a result of continued recycling of injection water mixed with various proportions of isotopically lighter make-up water from the alluvial aquifer along the San Juan River. A mixing model using the isotopic composition of the simulated injection water suggests that enriched samples from the Navajo aquifer are composed of 36 to 75 percent of the simulated injection water. However, chloride concentrations predicted by the isotopic mixing model are up to 13.4 times larger than the measured chloride concentrations in isotopically enriched samples from the Navajo aquifer, indicating that injection water is not the source of increased salinity. Geochemical data consistently show that OFB and associated injection water from the Greater Aneth Oil Field are not the source of salinity increases in the Navajo aquifer.     

生物接触氧化法在医院污水处理中的应用与管理

针对医院污水中含有大量致病微生物和有机污染物的特点，选用生物接触氧化-沉淀-加氯消毒处理工艺流程及科学的调试、运转管理模式后，不仅能提高污水处理效果，还能大大降低运行成本，并最终使出水各项指标达到国家规定的排放标准。     

广西来宾栖霞组缺氧沉积环境地球化学特征

地层的岩石地球化学特征是判断其形成环境氧化还原条件的重要手段之一。本文对广西来宾铁桥剖面栖霞组中层纹状灰岩和含泥质灰岩进行地球化学分析 ,结合栖霞组沉积学和古生态学特征 ,对栖霞组沉积环境进行了探讨。岩石微量元素含量、黄铁矿矿化程度 (DOP值 )、痕量元素V/Cr、Ni/Co、U/Th、V/(V +Ni)等比值的研究结果显示 ,研究区具有缺氧沉积成因的地球化学特征。     

地理信息系统与环境地球化学

从环境地球化学和GIS系统的发展过程角度出发 ,阐述了GIS系统在环境地球化学中的应用范围 ,指出两者的结合是各自学科发展的必然要求和结果 ,它们的结合必将会促进两门学科的进一步发展 ,同时也提出了需进一步加强研究与探讨的领域。