Cracking the humanitarian logistic coordination challenge: lessons from the urban search and rescue community

The challenges of achieving successful inter‐agency logistic coordination in preparing for and responding to natural disasters and complex emergencies are both well understood and well documented. However, although many of these challenges remain unresolved, the literature reveals that the organisations that form the urban search and rescue (USAR) community have attained a high level of coherence and interoperability that results in a highly efficient and effective response. Therefore, this paper uses the idea of ‘borrowing’ from other fields as it explores how the processes and procedures used by the USAR community might be applied to improve humanitarian logistic operations. The paper analyses the USAR model and explores how the resultant challenges might be addressed in a humanitarian logistic context. The paper recommends that further research be undertaken in order to develop a modified USAR model that could be operationalised by the international community of humanitarian logisticians.     

化学防护机动卫生装备舱室空气质量与人体安全性的评价与分析

为控制和改善化学防护机动卫生装备的舱室空气质量、保证舱室内人员的安全性,构建安全性评价指标体系,运用污染损失率法对某手术方舱整体和各人员位置处空气质量进行了评价。结果表明:当舱室外HCN(氢氰酸)浓度为5 mg/L时,除左半区医生1安全性受到威胁外,其他人员安全状况良好;当舱室外HCN浓度增加到20 mg/L时,舱室内安全性程度明显下降,左半区医生1和麻醉师生命安全受到严重威胁,其他人员作业能力受到影响。污染损失率法能较好地应用于机动卫生装备舱室空气质量与人体安全性的评价与分析。     

青岛崂山的野生草本药用花卉及其开发利用

研究了青岛崂山野生草本药用花卉的生物学特征、生态分布、观赏及药用价值 ,讨论了它们的开发利用途径 ,以期为青岛崂山野生草本药用花卉的合理开发和持续利用提供可靠、详实的依据。     

Mineralogy and chemistry of urinary stones: patients from North Jordan

Urinary stone diseases are increasing in the Middle East. The majority of urinary stone cases are found in the northern part of the country. Stone samples taken from patients living in the Irbid area were collected from Princess Basma Hospital. The present study concentrates on the mineralogical and chemical composition of the urinary stones and on the effective environmental factors that assist in developing the different types of urinary stones. Using X-ray diffraction techniques, the mineralogical composition of the urinary stones was found to be as follows: oxalate, cholesten, and uric acid, with cystine stones occuring more frequently than the others. Cholesten and calcium oxalate stones are the most dominant types of stones. Calcium oxalate is the most common type of oxalate stone. Calcium oxalate is represented in: whewellite, wheddellite, and calcium carbonate oxalate hydrate minerals, in addition to other minerals such as brushite, ammonium phosphate, vaterite, valleriite, and bobierrite from other types of stones. Bobierrite (phosphate group) is a new mineral reported in urinary stones, and this has not been determined in any previous study worldwide. Apatite (calcium phosphate) is deduced using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The SEM technique determined crystal forms and systems, shapes, morphological features, and the names of the minerals forming urine stones, while optical properties are studied by polarizing microscope. X-ray fluorescence technique determined the concentrations of major and some trace elements. It revealed that Ca is the main constituent of the urinary stones, especially those composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The concentration of trace elements was Ba = 1.57, P = 3.61, Fe = 1.78, S = 2.08, Zr = 4.63, Mo = 3.92, Cu = 1.89, Co = 1.56, and F = 4.2% and was higher in the urinary stones of Jordanian patients than in foreigners in the country. Questionnaires completed by patients suggest that the most significant factors directly effecting the formation of stones are water, climate conditions, food rich in protein and rich in different chemicals. Moreover, some drugs and diseases might also help in developing other stones.     

医疗垃圾热解焚烧实验研究

医疗垃圾是一种对环境危害极大的危险废弃物.用一种固定炉排炉热解焚烧系统,对广州市部分医院的医疗垃圾进行了热解焚烧及尾气净化试验,并对焚烧工况、烟气中主要的污染物含量及灰渣的灼减率进行分析.分析结果表明:稳定运行时炉膛平均温度在850℃左右,二燃室平均温度在1000℃以上;尾气中CO、NOx、HCl和SO2浓度分别为:71mg/m3、125 mg/m3、27.8 mg/m3和21 mg/m3,灰渣的灼减率为2.7%.均远远低于标准限值.     

医疗废物无害化处置工艺设计

采取AB型热解两次焚烧(3T控制)和烟气净化处理新技术进行医疗废物无害化处置工艺设计,运行结果表明:该工艺技术能有效地处理医疗废物,具有无二次污染和社会、经济、环境效益好等优点,值得在实践中进一步推广应用。     

广西凭祥英安岩中方解石稀土元素地球化学研究

通过对广西凭祥英安岩中方解石的稀土元素含量的测定,结果表明方解石具有与英安岩相似的稀土含量、轻稀土富集、无铈异常和具有明显的铕负异常等特点。结合英安岩的矿物组成和蚀变特征及其方解石的碳氧同位素组成,推测方解石是英安岩蚀变的产物,其稀土元素主要来源于英安岩,英安岩中黑云母蚀变形成绿泥石及方解石优先结合轻稀土是方解石相对英安岩富集轻稀土的主要原因,而方解石相对英安岩较弱的铕负异常主要是英安岩中斜长石优先蚀变的结果。     

我国煤矿矿山医疗救护工作的情景分析

在对我国煤矿矿山医疗救护工作进行定性与定量研究的基础上,运用情景分析的方法,识别了影响煤矿矿山医疗救护工作发展的8个关键事件：煤矿矿山医疗救护工作管理体制的建立、经费保障体系的建立与有效运转、政策的稳定性与落实程度、培训体系的建立与完善、管理信息系统建立与运转、煤矿矿山医疗救护机构的内部运作机制的完善、有序的煤矿矿山医疗救护工作激励机制、多部门支持机制的建立与运作。构筑了未来发展的3种情景：乐观情景、无突变情景和悲观情景,为进一步制定煤矿矿山医疗救护工作发展策略提供了依据。     

Evaluation of methane oxidation activity in waste biocover soil during landfill stabilization

The results of a nationwide survey of uranium in Swiss drinking water are reported. Elevated concentrations of uranium in groundwater are found mainly in the alpine regions and can be traced back to the geology of the bedrock. Water sources were systematically surveyed and analysed for the presence of Li, B, Si, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb and U and the results were analysed to determine if any correlation with uranium concentration was apparent. No correlation was found. The results are interpreted in relation to the current WHO guideline and those of other countries with a view to determining which areas would be affected if a maximum value were to be adopted and which areas require further investigation. Uranium content varied considerably, from below the limit of detection to almost 100 μg L⁻¹. Of the 5548 data samples, 98% are below the 2004 WHO provisional guideline value of 15 μg L⁻¹ and 99.7% below the revised (2011) value of 30 μg L⁻¹.     

溢油来源和风化作用的有机地球化学表征

随着人们对原油需求和消耗的增加,生产和运输环节的溢油污染事故日趋严重。溢油源的准确鉴定可为溢油事故的调查和处理提供科学的证据。本文在综合国内外大量研究的基础上,从溢油源到溢油样品的整个溢油环节对表征溢油组成特征及变化的有机地球化学指标进行了阐述,为有机地球化学方法在溢油源鉴别中的实际应用提供科学依据。结合有机地球化学的发展趋势,提出油指纹分子级水平上的定量化(包括油指纹的数字化、诊断指标的分子化、混源的定量化和鉴定结果的多元统计分析等)是今后溢油源鉴别的发展方向。