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工业废渣芦苇末的农用资源化技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对造纸工业产生的机废渣芦苇末用农业载基质的技术的可行性进行了试验研究,结果表明,用芦苇末进行生物发酵处理后,加入适量的常规基质原料,可以作为平菇培养基质和园艺植物无土载培基质,与常规的棉籽壳培养平菇及草岩混合基质载培蔬菜相比,不但产量提高,成本降低,净产值增加,而且生态环境效显著。 相似文献
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Effect of spent mushroom substrate applied to vineyard soil on the behaviour of copper-based fungicide residues 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Herrero-Hernández E Andrades MS Rodríguez-Cruz MS Sánchez-Martín MJ 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(7):1849-1857
The effect of the addition of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) to the soil as an amendment on the distribution and/or fate of copper from a copper-based fungicide applied to a vineyard soil in La Rioja (N. Spain) was studied. The study was carried out on experimental plots amended or not with SMS at rates of 40 and 100 t ha(-1). The variation in total Cu content in the topsoil (0-10 cm) and in the soil profile (0-50 cm), and the distribution of Cu in different fractions of the topsoil were studied as a function of the dose of Cu added (5 and 10 kg ha(-1)) and of the time elapsed since application (0-12 months). In addition, the changes in the chemical properties (solid organic carbon (OC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH) of the soils were studied. A greater capacity for Cu retention by the amended soils than by the unamended one was observed only when the fungicide was applied at the high dose. No effect of the amendment rate was noted on this retention capacity. The metal content in the topsoil decreased over time in step with the disappearance of the OC in the amended soil due to its oxidation, mineralization and/or leaching. This decrease in total Cu content was possibly due to the formation of soluble Cu complexes with the DOC, which facilitated its transport through the soil. A re-distribution of Cu in the different soil fractions was also observed over time, mainly from the organic to the residual fraction. The results obtained indicate that the increase in OC due to the application of SMS at the rates used does not lead to any significant increase in the persistence of Cu in the soil over time. Of greater interest would be the assessment of the risk for groundwater quality, owing to possible leaching of the fungicide enhanced by the SMS when SMS and Cu-based fungicides are jointly applied to vineyard soils. 相似文献
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Spent mushroom compost (SMC) is a co-product of edible mushroom which contains abundant nutrients including organics, nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). This study is related to the release potential of nitrogen, phosphate and organic matter from SMC amended soil in column-based experiments. Results showed that due to SMC application, NH4+–N and NO3−–N concentrations in leachate decreased by 92.5% and 76.3%, respectively, while EC and CODCr concentrations increased by 84.2% and 481.9%, respectively, as compared to chemical fertilizers. Moreover, a minor loss of TNcum (65%) and TPcum (almost equal value) exhibited good nutrient retention capacity. Leaching test results demonstrated that the mixed application of SMC and chemical fertilizers could alleviate excessive CODCr level in SMC leachate. The release process of nutrients in SMC amended soil could be described by first/first order mixed model, indicating that nutrients leached from SMC follow a two-stage pattern. 相似文献
96.
鸡粪与中药渣共堆肥对抗生素抗性基因的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
畜禽粪便是抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistant genes,ARGs)进入环境的重要途径,为了削减畜禽粪便中的ARGs,在为期46 d的鸡粪与中药渣共堆肥后,对不同阶段ARGs和可移动基因元件(mobile gene elements,MGEs)的丰度通过实时定量PCR进行检测. 100种ARGs中检测到21种,以及2种整合酶基因(int I1和int I2)和3种转座酶基因(tnp A-01、tnp A-02和tnp A-03).结果表明,在堆肥过程中5种MGEs均显著降低,其中tnp A-01和tnp A-02去除效果最好,减少了两个数量级;氨基糖苷类抗性基因aac A/aph D和aad E显著性降低(P 0. 05);β-内酰胺类抗性基因bla OXA1与堆肥天数显著相关(P=0. 016),其去除率为78. 63%;林可酰胺类抗性基因均随堆肥时间显著降低,平均去除率为90. 39%;四环素类抗性基因的去除效果相差较大,tet G降低了99. 77%,tetR仅降低了31. 72%;喹诺酮类抗性基因qnr D去除率最高为99. 89%;磺胺类中sulⅢ的去除率高达99. 88%,而sulⅠ呈增长趋势. ARGs与MGEs相关性表明tnp A-01与ARGs之间具有显著相关性(P 0. 05). ARGs随堆肥时间的变化趋势表明,中药渣与鸡粪共堆肥可显著降低ARGs丰度,从而降低畜禽粪便在农田施用中ARGs扩散的风险. 相似文献
97.
Vikram S. Negi Ravi Pathak K. Chandra Sekar R.S. Rawal I.D. Bhatt S.K. Nandi 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(10):1722-1743
Ethnobotanical knowledge plays a significant role in plant diversity conservation and the curing of various ailments in remote rural areas of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). A total of 53 plant species from 27 families have been documented from the Byans valley and are used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases. Valley inhabitants have maintained a symbiotic relationship between natural resources and their cultural belief system by developing sacred forests/groves which conserve the region's plant diversity pool. Information on sacred natural sites and traditional beliefs was documented in order to understand the environmental and conservationist implications of these rules and practices. The study provides comprehensive information about eroding traditional knowledge and biodiversity conservation practices. This study could be a pilot to strengthen the conservation practices and sustainable utilization of frequently used bioresources by understanding the traditional knowledge system and conservation ethics of tribal communities in the Himalayan region. 相似文献
98.
Hamdy Balba 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):441-451
Strobilurins are natural products isolated and identified from specific fungi. Natural strobilurins were named in the order of their discovery as strobilurin-A followed by strobilurin-B, C, D etc. Their discovery opened the door for new chemistry of synthetic fungicides. Applying Quantitative Structural Activity Relationship (QSAR) on the structures of the natural strobilurins, many pesticide companies were able to discover many synthetic analogues that are more efficacious and more stable fungicides. At present there are about eight synthetic strobilurins in the fungicides worldwide market. Some of these products are worldwide registered for use as agrochemical and some are in the process of registration. This class of fungicides is relatively new, as crop protection products and information about them is still fairly scarce. In this review, syntheses and chemistry of natural and synthetic strobilurins are discussed. Also, the mode of action, efficacy, biotic/abiotic degradation, analytical methods, and agricultural uses are discussed. 相似文献
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