适用于废水处理的DSA电极的研究进展

电化学氧化技术因其具有氧化能力强、可控性高、运行费用低及对环境友好的特点,引起了人们极大的关注。处于核心地位的DSA（Dimensionally Stable Anodes）电极是电化学工作者研究的重点。Ti基氧化铅、氧化铱、锡锑氧化物等电极是目前最有研究价值的DSA电极,文章介绍了这些电极的一些最新的研究成果。     

Environmental assessment of garden waste management in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark

An environmental assessment of six scenarios for handling of garden waste in the Municipality of Aarhus (Denmark) was performed from a life cycle perspective by means of the LCA-model EASEWASTE. In the first (baseline) scenario, the current garden waste management system based on windrow composting was assessed, while in the other five scenarios alternative solutions including incineration and home composting of fractions of the garden waste were evaluated. The environmental profile (normalised to Person Equivalent, PE) of the current garden waste management in Aarhus is in the order of −6 to 8 mPE Mg⁻¹ ww for the non-toxic categories and up to 100 mPE Mg⁻¹ ww for the toxic categories. The potential impacts on non-toxic categories are much smaller than what is found for other fractions of municipal solid waste. Incineration (up to 35% of the garden waste) and home composting (up to 18% of the garden waste) seem from an environmental point of view suitable for diverting waste away from the composting facility in order to increase its capacity. In particular the incineration of woody parts of the garden waste improved the environmental profile of the garden waste management significantly.     

电极材料对电解法处理循环式准好氧垃圾填埋场渗滤液效果的影响研究

分别用3种不同材料电极（不锈钢、Ti／Pt和Ti／RuO2-IrO2）作阳极、石墨电极作阴极在同一条件下分别对循环式准好氧填埋垃圾场渗滤液进行电解处理对比研究。研究结果表明，随着电解时间的变化，渗滤液中的COD、BOD5、BOD5／COD、重金属离子浓度、色度和pH值均会发生改变。当电解时间为10—20min时，用上述3种电极作阳极电解均会出现渗滤液COD、BOD5、BOD5／COD增大的现象；当电解时间为30—40min时，用Ti／RuO2-IrO2或Ti／Pt电极作阳极电解均可使渗滤液的色度降为0；当电解时间为120min时，分别用3种电极作阳极电解都可使渗滤液中的COD、BOD5和重金属得到有效的去除，其中用Ti／RuO2-IrO2电极作阳极电解对COD、BOD5的去除效果最好：用Ti／Pt电极作阳极电解对Pb^2＋的去除效果最好。     

二次电池电极材料环境影响计算系统

以生命周期评价理论为基础,建立了电极材料电化学性能与环境影响的内在量化关联关系分析方法。基于Java语言,设计和编写了二次电池电极材料环境影响综合计算系统,协调考虑了二次电池的循环特性、电化学特征等,实现了环境影响评价过程中对材料质量需求的便捷计算,进而实现了整个评价操作过程的综合化、软件化和信息化,提高了评价效率。选用LiFePO_4/C,LiFe_(0.98)Ti_(0.02)PO_4/C,LiFe_(0.98)Mn_(0.02)PO_4/C和FeF_3(H_2O)_3/C 4种正极材料基于此系统进行了实例应用。     

生化防护材料的探讨

本文详述了生化防护材料的种类、性能特点,与防护服配件的协调、使用耐久性能以及成本等问题,得出了生化防护材料选用及设计的一般性结论。     

城市废物的回收处理与利用

当前世界各国均面临着“废弃物”所造成的环境污染问题。本文列举了一些国家“废弃物”的排放以及回收利用情况,并举例说明对变废为宝的技术路线和应该采取的措施。     

Proposing of new building scheme and composite towards global warming mitigation for Malaysia

The building sector has been regarded as a potential sector where there is large capacity to reduce the climate change effect. This study has proposed solutions to mitigate environmental impacts and achieve low CO₂ emission from residential sector. Therefore, full life cycle assessment (LCA) has been run to assess the CO₂ emission and its effect on the atmosphere and climate change. Based on the result, timber scheme is the best choice due to releasing less CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere. However, house builders in Malaysia have almost completely neglected timber as a building material, with timber use as building components reduced to 5%. In this study, LCA Software was used to assess CO₂ emissions from different wall construction. The alternative building scheme has been made by reinforce steel stud, wooden beam and timber wall (S8) to improve the scheme deficiency while releasing less CO₂ emissions compared to other schemes. Therefore, S8 has a decreased CO₂ effect by 85% less than precast concrete frame and 90% less than brick over their lifetime. (S8) increased the load bearing compared to conventional timber beam. Thus, new scheme S8 could be replaced by current scheme and promote more adjustable scheme for Malaysian housing.     

一种新型隔热材料在原位土壤热修复工程中的表面阻隔效应

对原位热修复场地表层土壤采用有效的隔热措施,有助于实现节能降耗.纳米中空陶瓷微珠水性隔热涂料是一种新型隔热材料,导热系数低,可作为原位热修复修复场地的表面阻隔材料.通过现场实验,探究了该涂料的隔热性能及其受施工方法、实验区域尺寸等因素的影响.结果 表明,在加热井热影响区域内,新型隔热材料的温度梯度最高可达13600℃·...     

不锈钢纤维毡改性材料的制备及在微生物燃料电池中的应用

为制备一种导电性高、生物相容性良好且耐腐蚀的阳极材料,提高微生物燃料电池(MFC)的产电性能,以不锈钢纤维毡(SSFF)为基底,采用水热反应法制备了还原氧化石墨烯/不锈钢纤维毡(RGO/SSFF),并进一步采用粉体烧结法将纳米二氧化钛(TiO₂)负载至RGO/SSFF,制备了二氧化钛/还原氧化石墨烯/不锈钢纤维毡(TiO₂/RGO/SSFF),将SSFF(对照)、RGO/SSFF和TiO₂/RGO/SSFF分别作为MFC的阳极(对应的MFC分别命名为MFC-CK、MFC-RG和MFC-TRG)以探究改性材料对MFC去除水体中耗氧有机物和产电性能的影响。结果表明：与SSFF相比,RGO/SSFF和TiO₂/RGO/SSFF具有更大的电容(Q为413.9 mF和446.9 mF),更小的界面转移电阻(R_ct为19.65 Ω和18.16 Ω),更高的交换电流密度(i₀为1.56×10⁻⁵ mA和2.07×10⁻⁴ mA);MFC-TRG对水体COD去除速率最高可达929.62 mg·(L·d)⁻¹;MFC-RG和MFC-TRG稳定输出电压分别为245 mV和280 mV,比MFC-CK提高了88.5%和115.4%;MFC-RG和MFC-TRG的功率密度输出分别为 337.50 mW·m⁻²和472.03 mW·m⁻²,比MFC-CK提高了163.9%和233.9%。由此可知,改性后的RGO/SSFF和TiO₂/RGO/SSFF阳极成功提高了MFC的产电性能。该研究结果可为后续MFC阳极改性研究提供参考。     

巯基改性壳聚糖复合材料的制备及其用于高容量去除水中Hg(Ⅱ)

摘  要  壳聚糖(CS)因其无毒害、可降解性、成本低等特点而在众多高分子材料中脱颖而出,但稳定性和选择性较差,从而限制了其在重金属吸附中的应用。以巯基丙酸 (MPA) 为改性剂,以1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺(EDC) 为活化剂,制备了CS-MPA复合材料,使用单一变量法优化制备条件。结果表明,最优制备参数为：改性时间6 h,温度20 ℃,pH=6,m_(CS:MPA:EDC)为1∶0.8∶1,制备得到的 CS-MPA在酸性条件下对Hg(II)依旧保持较高去除效率。在复合材料表面引入巯基后出现了多层堆叠的不规则形态,比表面积增大。CS-MPA对Hg(II)的吸附在 360 min 内可达到平衡,以单层吸热的化学反应为主,25 ℃时理论最大吸附容量推测为 833.3 mg·g⁻¹。吸附机理主要是材料上的软碱(—SH和—NH₂)与软酸 Hg(II)之间发生的螯合反应,其次为酰胺基的结合作用。CS-MPA对 Hg(II)有较高的吸附选择性;且经过5次的吸附-解吸循环后,去除率仍保持在较高水平。以上研究结果表明 CS-MPA对Hg(II)的去除效果较好,可为废水中Hg(II)的去除与回收提供参考。