Review on research and application of mesoporous transitional metal oxides in water treatment

This paper reviews the application of meso- porous transitional metal oxides in water treatment on basis of the catalysis and adsorption. Mesoporous transitional metal oxides are characterized by their intrinsic features, such as a high surface area, a highly ordered array of unidimensional pores with a very narrow pore size distribution, and highly dispersed active sites. Finally, the suggestions of further study on application are proposed.     

Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

To improve material efficiency, industrial structure optimization becomes a focal point in Chinese industrial and environmental policies. It is crucial to cluster economic sectors and determine their priority for industrial and environmental policy implementation. Integrating a set of criteria, a hybrid input-output model and the hierarchical cluster analysis, this study clusters China’s economic sectors and determines their priority on a life cycle basis. China’s economic sectors are clustered into three clusters. Industrial structure changes (industrial policy) should encourage the development of sectors in cluster 1 and limit the development of sectors in cluster 2. Technology development and materials recycling (two environmental policies) should mainly focus on sectors in clusters 1 and 2. Future industrial policies in China should limit the development of two sectors named Manufacture of metal products and Extraction of petroleum and natural gas. Instead of limiting some industries by command-and-control, the best policy option is to remedy environmental standards and law enforcement. Enterprises belonging to the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of direct production impacts should be concerned to achieve enterprise sustainability. To achieve sustainable production chains, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of accumulative production impacts should be concerned. For sustainable consumption, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of consumption impacts should be concerned to transform consumption styles. Most of environmental pressure can be alleviated not only by technical improvements and material recycling, but also by the development of economic sectors in cluster 1.     

Formal and informal material aid following the 2010 Haiti earthquake as reported by camp dwellers

Following the 2010 Haiti earthquake, more than two million people moved to temporary camps, most of which arose spontaneously in the days after the earthquake. This study focuses on the material assistance people in five Port‐au‐Prince camps reported receiving, noting the differences between assistance from formal aid agencies and from ‘informal’ sources such as family. Seven weeks after the earthquake, 32% of camp dwellers reported receiving no assistance whatsoever; 55% had received formal aid, typically a tent or tarpaulins; and 40% had received informal aid, usually in the form of cash transfers from family living abroad. While people were grateful for any material aid, cash was more frequently considered timely and more effective than aid‐in‐kind. Should this study be indicative of the greater displaced population, aid agencies should consider how they might make better use of cash transfers as an aid modality.     

矿用降温服的研制及热舒适性研究

矿用降温服的研制与应用对于解决矿山人员的防暑降温具有重要意义。本文介绍了矿用降温服的工作原理及设计方案,并对矿用降温服的热舒适性进行理论研究和现场试验。结果表明:矿用降温服所采用蓄冷材料的相变温度为-4.6℃,相变潜热为255.1J/g。该矿用降温服具有良好的降温效果和热舒性。     

高可视性警示服-反光材料安全耐用性测试分析

本文介绍了反光材料的逆反射原理,通过测试揭示了高可视性警示服和反光材料的安全防护作用。同时对3MTM视觉丽 TM反光材料与国内某品牌同类型产品进行初始逆反射系数及反光材料耐洗涤性能进行了对比和分析,结果表明3MTM视觉丽 TM反光材料具有可靠的“可视性”、好的耐用性能。     

赤泥建设材料衍生产品的安全性分析

赤泥是拜耳法炼铝工业中产生的残渣,因其具有碱性腐蚀、有毒有害金属元素、放射性元素,而成为一个棘手的环境问题。赤泥安全处置的有效方法是通过开发工业上可行的规模化应用方法,以提高利用率、减少处置量,赤泥在建设工程材料领域的开发就是其规模化应用的一种有效途径;同时,必须解决赤泥的建设材料衍生产品的安全性问题,才能从根本上实现赤泥废弃物的无害化处置。从放射性、腐蚀性及浸出毒性方面讨论赤泥建设工程材料衍生品的可行性、安全性与环境相容性。结果表明,赤泥的放射性水平超过了安全规定的限值,但没有表现出显著的浸出毒性,同时其碱性延缓了钢筋的去钝化进程。     

试样放置角度与外加辐射强度对可碳化固体表面火蔓延的影响

选取了尺寸为400mm×90mm×3mm质地较为均匀的白木作为研究对象,对不同试样放置角度和不同外加辐射强度作用下的火焰高度、火蔓延速率和失重速率等火蔓延参数进行了测量,以研究试样放置角度和辐射强度对可炭化固体表面火蔓延的作用规律。研究发现,试样表面的火蔓延速率随辐射强度的增加而增加。当角度在负角度范围内时,角度的变化对火蔓延速率的影响不大,当角度在正角度范围内时,火蔓延速率随着角度的增加而迅速上升。试样失重速率随着辐射强度以及试样放置角度的增加而增加。火焰高度会随着外加辐射强度的增加而增加,并与试样失重速率的0.4次方呈正比关系。     

纳米材料对生物体的毒性研究

运用Einstein第一扩散公式和沉降公式,半定量、定量地说明纳米粒子沉降速度大约是微米粒子的千万分之一,更易悬浮在大气和溶液中,被生物体通过呼吸系统和循环系统所吸收;运用范德华力引起的相互作用势能公式,半定量地说明纳米粒子比微米粒子更容易吸附和团聚,通过大气中粒子转化、水体及土壤中的迁移传播等途径,由食物链富集到生物体内。可见,纳米粒子要比微米粒子的毒性更加严重,更能影响生物体的健康。同时,从纳米材料毒性影响因素对生物体的作用上看,纳米粒子也是严重影响着生物体的健康,给生物体带来极大的危害,并根据纳米材料的毒性研究结果为今后纳米技术的良性发展提出了新的方向。     

矿用聚氨酯硬泡密闭材料的安全性能研究

对聚氨酯硬泡密闭材料的安全性能进行测定和研究,旨在为矿井降氡技术提供可行的安全材料,从而改善铀矿开采环境,提高井下工作人员的职业安全健康水平。在材料反应机理研究的基础上,通过实验对制备出的聚氨酯硬泡密闭材料进行安全性能测试,结果表明:其发泡时间低于5min、发泡倍数达30倍以上、泡沫均匀致密;降氡效率为84.58%;压缩应力为850.60kPa,断裂拉伸应力为206.0kPa,冲击强度为2.66kJ/m2;材料贮存36个月内的密度变化率小于0.5%,压缩应力变化率小于10.5%,18个月后压缩应力变化趋势缓慢。     

硼掺杂介孔炭吸附四环素的效能与机制

以椰壳和硼酸为原料,通过简单的一步热解法制备出新型硼掺杂椰壳介孔炭材料（B-CSC）用于水中四环素类污染物的高效吸附去除.系统研究了关键制备条件热解温度和硼碳质量比对其吸附性能的影响,使用比表面积及孔径分析仪（BET）、场发射扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光子能谱仪（XPS）、拉曼光谱仪（Raman）以及Zeta电位仪（Zeta）对其微观结构及物化性质进行了表征分析.系统考察了初始pH值、不同金属阳离子以及不同背景水质条件对其吸附效果的影响.结合材料表征与相关分析等对其强化吸附机制进行了深入讨论与分析.结果表明,一步热解能够将硼掺入椰壳炭的表面及晶格,导致其拥有更大的比表面积和孔体积,引入硼的形态主要是H₃BO₃、B₂O₃、B和B₄C.B-CSC对四环素的吸附量达到297.65 mg·g^-1,是原始椰壳介孔炭（CSC）的8.9倍.同时,B-CSC对于水环境中常见污染物罗丹明B（RhB）、双酚A（BPA）和亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附量分别高达372.65、255.24和147.82 mg·g^-1.B-CSC对四环素的吸附过程是物理化学作用共同主导的,主要涉及液膜扩散、表面吸附、介孔与微孔内扩散和活性位点吸附,H₃BO₃是其主要吸附位点.吸附强化机制主要是硼掺杂降低了其碳网络的化学惰性,增强了其与四环素分子的π—π相互作用和氢键作用.