蓝藻厌氧消化产沼气技术研究

为了实现太湖蓝藻的资源化和无害化处置,本文在中温（35℃）条件下对蓝藻与猪粪厌氧发酵产沼气进行了研究。在蓝藻与猪粪发酵最佳接种比例1：2、最佳初始pH7．9、最适发酵液浓度2．9％条件下,通过对所产甲烷的分析,得到回归方程B：4885（1-e-0.034565t）,模型的决定系数R2为0．9819,均方差（RMSE）为123,达到收敛判断标准。蓝藻的生物降解率（BD值）为54．4％。pH的变化范围在6．6～7．9之间,能够较好地反应蓝藻与猪粪混合发酵的水解阶段、产酸阶段和产甲烷阶段。发酵结束后,TS去除率达到22．2％,VS去除率达到25．2％。对发酵过程中COD和氨氮变化的研究表明：反应结束后,COD的去除率达87．44％;高浓度的氨氮对厌氧细菌的生长有一定抑制作用,但是并不影响沼气的组份。各反应器所产生的沼气中甲烷和二氧化碳的含量均能保持在50％和35％左右,最高甲烷含量达到70％。     

铋磷钼蓝分光光度法测定土壤中磷含量

土壤中磷含量的分析是土壤环境监测的主要项目之一.建立了铋磷钼蓝分光光度法测定土壤中磷含量的新方法,与现有的《土壤全磷测定方法》(GB 9837-88)和土壤总磷快速检测仪方法进行了比较讨论.方法的检出限为5.0 mg/kg,对磷含量为475 mg/kg和292 mg/kg的标准土壤样品进行测定,结果与标准值吻合,其相对...     

Effect of BPA on the germination,root development,seedling growth and leaf differentiation under different light conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known environmental toxic substance, which exerts unfavorable effects through endocrine disruptor (ER)-dependent and ER-independent mechanisms to threaten ecological systems seriously. BPA may also interact with other environmental factors, such as light and heavy metals, to have a synergetic effect in plants. However, there is little data concerning the toxic effect of BPA on the primary producers-plants and its possible interaction with light-dependent response. Here, the effects of BPA on germination, fresh weight, tap root length, and leaf differentiation were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana under different parts of light spectrum (dark, red, yellow, green, blue, and white light). Our results showed that low-dose BPA (1.0, 5.0 μM) caused an increase in the fresh weight, the tap root length and the lateral root formation of A. thaliana seedlings, while high-dose BPA (10.0, 25.0 μM) show an inhibition effect in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike karrikins, the effects of BPA on germination fresh weight and tap roots length under various light conditions are similar, which imply that BPA has no notable role in priming light response in germination and early seedling growth in A. thaliana. Meanwhile, BPA exposure influences the differentiation of A. thaliana leaf blade significantly in a light-dependent manner with little to no effect in dark and clear effect under red illumination.     

镍改性MCM-41介孔分子筛对水中甲基蓝的吸附

通过水热法合成介孔分子筛MCM-41,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni负载MCM-41分子筛吸附剂(Ni/MCM-41).小角X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)表征结果显示,Ni/MCM-41保持了纯硅MCM-41有序的介孔结构,并研究了Ni/MCM-41对水中甲基蓝的吸附去除性能,考察了投加量、反应时间、p H值、温度对水中甲基蓝去除率的影响,并从吸附等温线探讨了吸附机理.在优化条件下(25℃,20 mg投加量,6.32 p H,50 mg·L-1甲基蓝),反应120 min后,Ni/MCM-41对甲基蓝吸附量为36.85 mg·g-1,是MCM-41的7.1倍.研究表明吸附等温线符合Freuulich和Dubinin-Radushkevich模型,最大吸附量随着温度的升高而升高,吸附为吸热过程.通过Zeta电位分析认为,静电作用是甲基蓝吸附的主要机理.     

漆酶/HOBT体系对苯胺蓝的脱色条件及机理研究

研究了Pleurotus sp.N3固态发酵所得漆酶对三芳基甲烷类染料苯胺蓝的脱色条件和机理.通过可见光光谱扫描和非变性凝胶电泳的分析发现漆酶能够对苯胺蓝进行脱色,介体可以显著增强脱色效果,提高脱色率.分别考察了介体、酶活和温度对苯胺蓝脱色的影响,结果表明,在酶活为200 U/L、1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT)浓度为4mmol/L、温度为40℃的条件下,反应6h后苯胺蓝(24 mg/L)的脱色率达到90.42％.对脱色0、4h、11h和23 h的产物进行了超高效液相色谱-质谱(UPLC-MS)分析,推断出漆酶/HOBT体系对苯胺蓝的脱色过程中有显色基团碳氮双键(C=N)的断裂.     

花生壳和核桃壳对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附特性

以花生壳和核桃壳为原料,制备了两种吸附剂。研究了它们对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附特性,并与活性炭进行对比。结果表明,这两种吸附剂在p H值为2时吸附效果最好,吸附率分别为84%和58.4%。这两种吸附剂适用于处理低浓度的KN-R废水,处理时间90 min为宜。     

改性大豆荚吸附剂对甲基蓝废水吸附性能研究

将天然大豆荚分别用氢氧化钠,硫酸,乙醇,过氧化氢进行改性,制备一系列改性大豆荚吸附剂,研究了改性大豆荚吸附阴离子染料甲基蓝废水的适宜条件及吸附机理.经筛选,采用氢氧化钠作为大豆荚的改性剂.结果表明:当甲基蓝溶液初始浓度300 mg·L-1,pH=10.0,吸附剂投加量为5 g·L-1,吸附时间为40 min时,改性大豆荚对甲基蓝废水的去除率达到96.30%,最大吸附量为57.53 mg·g-1.此吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,以化学吸附为主;Langmuir方程能较好的拟合等温吸附过程.     

Decolouring mechanism of Zhejiang diatomite. Application to printing and dyeing wastewater

We report the adsorption isotherm of methylene blue on the surface of Zhejiang and Jilin diatomite. The relationship between the adsorption isotherm and diatomite pore structure is discussed. The degree of decolouring was found to be strongly related to pH and isoelectrical value. Furnace ash residue and diatomite were found to be very effectively treating printing and dyeing wastewater.     

电生成Fenton试剂处理染料废水

对电生成Fenton试剂处理酸性铬兰K染料废水进行了研究。采用石墨作阴、阳极,电解过程中向阴极表面通纯氧,并在废水中加入-定量的Fe2+,氧在阴极上还原生成H2O2,H2O2又产生强氧化剂·OH,进而对酸性铬兰K染料废水进行脱色降解。在槽电压为6 V、pH为2.5、电解液中FeSO4·7H2O的质量浓度为0.5 g／dm3、Na2SO4的质量浓度为20 g／dm3的条件下电解废水60 min,染料废水脱色率和COD去除率分别达74.1％和57.9％,电解废水120min后,染料废水脱色率和COD去除率分别达92.9％、71.3％。动力学研究表明,染料的降解符合一级动力学过程,速率常数k为0.02224 min-1。     

Visible light sensitive activated carbon-metal oxide (TiO2, WO3, NiO,and SnO) nano-catalysts for photo-degradation of methylene blue: a comparative study

Four composites of metal oxide doped with activated carbon with a metal oxide weight of 20% were prepared using mechano-mixing method. The nano-catalysts were characterized by N₂-adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-diffuse reflectance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Photo-catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV 254 nm and visible light was examined. In general, prepared catalysts are more active for degradation of dye under visible light than UV, reaching 96% within 180?min irradiation using the SnO catalyst. Photo-degradation of methylene blue followed pseudo first order reaction mechanism with a rate constant of 14.8?×?10^?3?min^?1, and the time required for removal of 50% of dye was 47?min.