微波法快速测定脱硫石膏的主次量元素

采用混合酸微波加热消解、ICP-AES法测定电厂脱硫副产物石膏的多种元素成分,与常规方法 GB/T5484-2000相比较简便快速,准确度高。     

微波催化燃烧气态甲苯特性及床层温度分布

采用浸渍法制备Cu-Mn-Ce/堇青石蜂窝催化剂,于微波催化燃烧装置中考察其对甲苯废气的催化活性与稳定性,并对固定床温度进行了测试分析.研究表明,微波加热下床层温度分布均匀,甲苯的最佳反应温度在230~270℃之间.当停留时间大于9.7s且床层温度高于270℃时,甲苯的降解率大于90%.铜锰铈单金属氧化物及其复合氧化物尖晶石是主要的活性组分,甲苯在其表面上进行准一级反应而被催化氧化.高温对催化剂结构有影响,但重复性试验证实了催化剂的高活性和良好的稳定性.本文为微波催化燃烧技术治理VOCs废气的中试研究及下一步的实际应用提供了理论支持.     

From waste hot-pot oil as carbon precursor to development of recyclable attapulgite/carbon composites for wastewater treatment

The utilization of waste products as valuable materials was a technical imperative for waste management. In this study, the cost-effective attapulgite/carbon(APT/C) composite was developed for wastewater treatment using waste hot-pot oil as a carbon precursor through a facile one-step calcination process. The APT/C composite prepared at 300°C exhibited the excellent adsorption capacity and rapid equilibrium rate over a broad p H range for the removal of various pollutants. More importantly, the removal ratios of the composites toward Methyl Violet and tetracycline still remained 77.6% and 60.2% of the initial adsorption capacity after ten adsorption–regeneration cycles via a facile thermal regeneration strategy, respectively.Beyond all doubt, this research provided a feasible and economical way for the sustainable utilization of waste hot-pot oil in wastewater treatment, achieving the concept of disposal waste with waste and recycling.     

新型垂直探测资料在污染天气分析中的应用

针对2017年1月上旬广州地区出现的一次持续时间长的重污染天气过程,基于地面观测资料、激光雷达、风廓线雷达和微波辐射计数据,从水平和垂直扩散条件2个方面分析了此次污染过程的形成和维持的原因.结果表明：（1）本次污染过程期间,广州地区地面风速基本为小于2m/s的偏北风,在300m高度以下普遍存在平均水平风速低于2.6m/s的小风层;污染前期640m高度内的各层回流指数廓线小于0.6,100m高度小于0.4,污染缓解后回流指数高于0.7.（2）地面PM_2.5浓度与逆温强度的相关系数为0.42,过程平均逆温厚度167m,平均逆温强度为1.08℃/100m;（3）PM_2.5浓度与边界层高度的相关系数为-0.56,清洁时段的平均边界层高度（876m）约为污染时段（620m）的1.4倍,过程最低边界层高度为267m;PM_2.5浓度与边界层通风量的相关系数为-0.61,清洁时段的平均边界层通风量（2538m²/s）约为污染时段（1136m²/s）的2.2倍,使用边界层通风量能更好表征大气污染的程度.     

Enzyme-electrolytic degradation of dichloromethane: Efficiency, kinetics and mechanism

Enzymatic electrolysis cell(EEC) has advantages over microbial electrolysis cell(MEC) due to the needless of microbe inoculation and high-efficiency of enzymatic reaction. In this study, an EEC was first applied to achieve the effective degradation of halogenated organic pollutants and dichloromethane(CH_2Cl_2) was utilized as a model pollutant. The results indicate that the degradation efficiency of CH_2Cl_2 after 2 hr reaction in the EEC was almost100%, which was significantly higher than that with enzyme(51.1%) or current(19.0%). The current induced the continuous regeneration of reduced glutathione(GSH), thus CH_2Cl_2 was degraded under the catalysis of GSH-dependent dehalogenase through stepwise dechlorination, and successively formed monochloromethane(CH_3Cl) and methane(CH_4). The kinetic result shows that with a current of 15 mA, the maximum specific degradation rate of CH_2Cl_2(3.77 × 10~(-3) hr~(-1)) was increased by 5.7 times. The optimum condition for CH_2Cl_2 dechlorination was also obtained with pH, current and temperature of 7.0, 15 mA and 35°C,respectively. Importantly, this study helps to understand the behavior of enzymes and the fate of halogenated organic pollutants with EEC, providing a possible treatment technology for halogenated organic pollutants.     

微波法处理含铬废渣的可行性分析

微波辐照解毒铬渣是一项新技术，为考察该技术应用的可行性，本文对铬渣解毒前后性状的变化进行了讨论。结果表明，该技术能较完全地使高价铬转化为低价铬，解毒渣中铬主要以三价形态存在，铬渣毒性得到消除；解毒渣浸出液中Cr^6＋浓度远低于国家危险废物鉴别标准，解毒渣已不属于危险固体废弃物，其在环境条件下可安全存放。说明该技术具有应用前景。     

柠檬醛对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)再生的影响

用不同浓度柠檬醛处理不同部位剪切的蚯蚓,和处理剪切后不同时间段的蚯蚓体段,探讨了柠檬醛对赤子爱胜蚓再生作用的体段、作用浓度和敏感时间段.结果表明,柠檬醛对蚯蚓再生有明显影响,但这种作用依不同体段而异,以体段P7和P25作用最显著,而A25,A90和P60的受柠檬醛影响较小; 柠檬醛影响蚯蚓头部再生,而不影响尾部再生;对再生有影响的柠檬醛浓度为1mmolkg-1, 0. 1mmolkg-1和0. 01mmolkg-1 (土壤),对蚯蚓再生作用的时间为切后0. 5~1d.试验显示,柠檬醛干扰蚯蚓再生头部形成而且还影响再生头尾体轴形成;内源视黄酸在蚯蚓头尾轴再生图式形成中有重要作用. 图4表4参18     

Recovery of Faunal Communities During Tropical Forest Regeneration

Abstract:  As mature tropical forests are cleared, secondary forests may play an important role in the conservation of animal species, depending on how fast animal communities recover during forest regeneration. I reviewed published studies on the recovery of animal species richness and composition during tropical forest regeneration. In 38 of the 39 data sets I examined, conversion of forest to agriculture or pasture substantially reduced species richness. Given suitable conditions for forest recovery, the species richness of the animal taxa considered can be predicted to resemble that of mature forests roughly 20–40 years after land abandonment. At least for ants and birds, however, recovery of species composition appears to take substantially longer than recovery of species richness. Because species richness for many taxa appears to recover relatively rapidly in secondary forests, conservation of secondary forests may be an effective investment in future diversity. The slower recovery of species composition indicates, however, that some species will require stands of mature forest to persist.     

活性炭水处理技术应用

本文综述了活性炭水处理的特点，主要影响因素，活性炭的再生及活性炭吸附法在水处理中的应用，从而论证了活性炭吸附法应用于水处理的可行性和有效性。     

微波催化氧化法处理炼油废水

研究了应用微波辐射技术处理炼油废水,考察了活性炭用量,微波辐射时间,微波辐射功率,双氧水用量等因素对出水水质的影响。设计了实际废水的实验流程,检测了一部分生活杂用水(CJ25.1-89)中的主要指标,取得了较好的结果。