Pollution performance of firms from pulp and paper industries

The water pollution emissions by 13 of the largest pulp and paper companies, developed on the basis of monthly reports filed with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by these companies, indicate a wide disparity in the amount of pollution discharged by them into the nation's waterways. Furthermore, the net discharge of pollution in waterways by all firms is positive, which indicates that all the firms in the study pollute the nation's waterways to some degree. Information presented in this study will be useful for public issues, such as evaluating the effectiveness of the Clean Water Act, government's water pollution policy and abatement strategy, and management's effectiveness in abating water pollution.     

Development and experience in the monitoring,assessment and control of environmentalpollutants in Hong Kong

The late start of environmental protection in Hong Kong was discussed in the light of problems encountered during the development of environmental protection legislation in Hong Kong for the past 20 years. The collaboration in monitoring and assessment of environmental pollutants between the University of Hong Kong and various governments were descrbed in parallel with the progress in environmental protection in Hong Kong. The developments of new analytical techniques for environmental monitoring and analysis is given and their application in environmental control described. The joint projects in assessment and control of environmental pollutants carried out in collaboration with local industries and other organizations within and without the university are given and discussed. The problems and possible solution facing Hong Kong in development control equipment for small scale industries are discussed and areas of development identified. The development and experience in the monitoring assessment and co     

LES – DFSD modelling of vented hydrogen explosions in a small-scale combustion chamber

Accidental explosions are a plausible danger to the chemical process industries. In the event of a gas explosion, any obstacles placed within the path of the flame generate turbulence, which accelerates the transient flame and raises explosion overpressure, posing a safety hazard. This paper presents numerical studies using an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for lean premixed hydrogen/air flame propagations with an equivalence ratio of 0.7. A laboratory-scale combustion chamber is used with repeated solid obstacles. The transient compressible large eddy simulation (LES) modelling technique combined with a dynamic flame surface density (DFSD) combustion model is used to carry out the numerical simulations in three-dimensional space. The study presented uses eight different baffle configurations with two solid obstructions, which have area blockage ratios of 0.24 and 0.5. The flame speed, maximum rate of pressure-rise as well as peak overpressure magnitude and timing are presented and discussed. Numerical results are validated against available published experimental data. It is concluded that, increasing the solid obstacle area blockage ratio and the number of consecutive baffles results in a raised maximum rate of pressure rise, higher peak explosion overpressure and faster flame propagation. Future model development would require more experimental data, probably in a more congested configuration.     

成都市工业源重点VOC排放行业排放清单及空间分布特征

以2013年为基准,采用排放系数法对成都市区域范围内工业源的VOC排放进行了核算,利用GIS工具构建成都市1 km×1 km网格化排放清单,分析了VOCs的空间分布特征.研究结果表明:2013年成都市工业源VOC排放总量为(5.77±3.35)×10~4t,其中溶剂使用源排放(3.09±4.93)×10~4t,工艺过程源排放(2.35±3.82)×10~4t,化石燃料燃烧源排放(0.21±0.61)×10~4t,生物质燃烧源排放(0.12±0.48)×10~4t.从工业源VOC排放的空间分布特征上看,都江堰、郫县、温江和崇州是最主要的贡献区县,涉及的排污企业类型主要包括钢铁、化工和水泥行业.     

城市工业大气污染物排放总量统筹分配研究

在持续推进环境空气质量全面达标改善进程中,城市大气污染的产业结构性特征愈发受到关注,但统筹空间和行业因子的大气污染物总量分配和控制研究相对薄弱.对此,在筛选城市大气污染主导行业和主控因子的基础上,综合考虑污染源空间分布和产业结构特征,通过构建指标体系并采用熵权法估算空间与行业总量分配系数,据此形成空间和行业统筹分配技术流程和方法,并应用于鄂尔多斯市.结果表明,该模式可以较好地适应大气污染工业贡献相对突出的城市,兼顾产业布局优化和行业规模调控,有助于完善总量分配体系和提高污染控制效果.     

Bronchial contamination with toxic metals in mineral-based industrial areas of India

Selected toxic metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni and Mn) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 55 samples of bronchial washouts obtained from patients with respiratory ailments. These subjects either worked or lived in industrial locations which have mineral-based industries such as steel plants, thermal power plants, cement plants, limestone mines and iron ore mines. Half of the samples analysed were from the plant workers and the other half from the non-workers living in the respective industrial areas. Samples from subjects living outside the industrial areas were also collected and analysed. The highest occurrence of toxic metals was found in the subjects living in the steel plant area. The occurrence was of the order: steel plant > thermal power plant > cement plant > iron ore mines > limestone mines > non industrial areas. Plant workers showed a higher presence of metals in their respiratory tracts compared to the non-workers in each industrial area. Higher depositions were noticed in areas of coal-fired industries compared to non-coal-fired industries. Zn, Cu and Pb were more likely to reach the respiratory tracts. The occurrences were found to increase with the age of the subjects. A slightly higher susceptibility to bronchial contamination was noticed in females.To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

产业间设备投资关联性分析

通过理论与实证分析，本文说明了产业间设备投资关联性对ＧＮＰ的促进作用，可作为制定宏观经济政策的参考。     

民族地区优势产业振兴路径的三重维度——以广西百色芒果产业为例

民族地区受自然条件、市场和资金等因素影响,产业发展缓慢。从“深度”、“广度”和“融合度”三重维度出发,提升产业层次、培育品牌产业、延伸产业链、挖掘产业附加值、对接生态保护,实现乡村振兴,构建民族地区产业新模式。以百色芒果产业为例,从三重维度出发创新优势产业,总结实践贡献和理论成果,发挥其在西南少数民族地区的示范引领作用,为实现民族地区巩固脱贫攻坚效果和乡村振兴有机衔接做出积极贡献。     

The use of state workers' compensation administrative data to identify injury scenarios and quantify costs of work-related traumatic brain injuries

PROBLEM: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health problem but little is known about the nature of that problem in the working population. METHOD: The author used a national definition to identify cases in Washington State from workers' compensation (WC) hospital billing data, quantified the cost of WC insurance benefits using actuarial cost estimates, and identified high risk industries using ANSI Z16.2 typology. RESULTS: There were 928 cases of TBI with a lifetime claim cost of $159 million from the Washington State Fund (1994-2001). Sixty percent of injuries resulted in death or disability. The highest risks of TBI are concentrated in 16 industrial insurance risk classes and the highest costs in 19 North American Industry Classification codes. Injury scenarios were identified for nine industrial insurance risk classes. CONCLUSIONS: TBI is a disabling and costly workplace injury in the state of Washington, affecting even teenagers and seniors who are not generally considered to be part of the workforce. Injury typology codes provide useful information for improving workplace safety. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This research provides industry with quantitative information regarding the cost of work-related traumatic brain injury and the usefulness of using workers' compensation claims data to reduce the burden of workplace injury.     

秦皇岛市环境保护及相关产业基本情况调查与分析

根据秦皇岛市2004年全市环保及相关产业调查的基础数据，从秦皇岛市环保及相关产业基础现状、结构分析、发展趋势、主要问题及原因分析、对策与建议等五个方面进行了全面的分析，对今后秦皇岛市环保产业的发展进行了探讨，并提出了本市环保产业发展的重点及对策。