矿物基多孔颗粒材料净化石英纯化废水研究

制备了一种矿物基多孔颗粒吸附材料(MPGM),用于净化富含重金属离子的石英纯化废水.通过BET、SEM及FT-IR等技术分析表明,MPGM具有多孔径分布、大比表面积、低散失率等优良特性;N2吸附-脱附等温线为Ⅲ型,且存在H4型回滞环;官能团以层状硅酸盐矿物的基团为主.研究了吸附剂用量、初始p H值及时间对MPGM吸附Fe、Zn、Mn、As的影响,结果表明,4种金属离子浓度分别由77.760、3.700、2.789和0.963 mg·L-1吸附净化为3.421、0.574、0.126和0.034mg·L-1.对使用过的吸附材料利用1.0 mol·L-1的Na Cl脱附12 h,重复利用5次后仍维持理想的吸附水平.吸附机制研究表明,吸附体系均符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型及准一级动力学模型/准二级动力学模型;ΔGθ0、ΔHθ0、ΔSθ0,说明吸附过程为吸热反应,且在15~45℃温度下有利于反应顺利自发进行.     

河南省不同产业碳水足迹效率研究

碳水关联分析是当前区域可持续发展研究的重要方向之一。从区域碳水耦合视角开展产业碳水足迹效率研究不仅有助于揭示资源利用强度和效率对产业碳排放的影响机制,而且对于全球化背景下区域产业转型中的节水和碳减排具有重要的实践意义。采用2012年河南省投入产出表及各产业取水量和能源消费数据,利用投入产出分析对不同产业的碳水足迹效率进行了对比研究。主要结论如下：（1）碳足迹和水足迹存在着行业不匹配现象。其中,农业水足迹最大,是水足迹最小的木材业的2333倍;采掘业碳足迹最大,是碳足迹最小的食品业的273倍。（2）不同产业碳水足迹效率具有较大的差异。一般来说,足迹较大的产业其足迹效率偏低。（3）产业碳水足迹效率的差异主要受产业属性、水能消耗强度、能源结构、企业技术水平及产业关联情况等因素的影响。（4）建议未来河南省应结合不同产业的特点及水能关联情况制定差别化的节水与碳减排政策,加强制度约束和法律监管,推动企业水能资源高效利用,进一步增强区域适应和减缓气候变化的能力。     

烟台市典型工业排放PM2.5源成分谱特征研究

鉴于烟台市本地化源成分谱研究缺乏的现状,以及颗粒物精细化来源解析及环境管理的需求,采用NK-ZXF颗粒物再悬浮采样器,对6家烟台市典型工业下载灰源样品进行再悬浮采样,构建6类〔燃煤电厂、供热锅炉、生物质锅炉、钢铁（烧结）行业、玻璃行业和垃圾处理行业〕PM_2.5源成分谱,并对PM_2.5源成分谱特征及其排放颗粒物携带重金属特征进行评估.结果表明:①燃煤电厂PM_2.5源成分谱的标识组分包括Si、Cl-和SO₄2-,其质量分数分别为15.2%、9.3%和7.8%;与燃煤电厂相比,供热锅炉排放的PM_2.5中w（OC）偏高、w（SO₄2-）偏低;生物质锅炉排放的主要组分有K、Cl-和OC等,其质量分数分别为7.4%、13.3%和8.6%;钢铁（烧结）行业PM_2.5源成分谱中w（Ca）、w（Fe）和w（Cl-）较高;SO₄2-和Ca为玻璃行业PM_2.5源成分谱的主要组分,其质量分数分别为20.6%、8.2%;垃圾处理行业重金属质量分数最高,其主要组分为Cl-和SO₄2-.②CD（coefficient of divergence,分歧系数）计算结果表明,各源成分谱有一定相异性（CD范围为0.53~0.70）,其中生物质锅炉与垃圾处理行业PM_2.5源成分谱差异（CD为0.70）最大.③各典型工业排放PM_2.5所携带重金属特征显示,垃圾处理行业排放PM_2.5中的重金属质量分数（2.3%）最高,燃煤电厂、供热锅炉、生物质锅炉和玻璃行业排放的重金属中Cr、Ni和Cu相对质量分数较高,钢铁行业和垃圾处理行业排放的重金属中Pb相对质量分数较高.研究显示,所构建的烟台市各典型工业排放PM_2.5源成分谱特征鲜明,能够反映各行业PM_2.5排放特征.      

Addressing transboundary conservation challenges through marine spatial prioritization

The Adriatic and Ionian Region is an important area for both strategic maritime development and biodiversity conservation in the European Union (EU). However, given that both EU and non‐EU countries border the sea, multiple legal and regulatory frameworks operate at different scales, which can hinder the coordinated long‐term sustainable development of the region. Transboundary marine spatial planning can help overcome these challenges by building consensus on planning objectives and making the trade‐offs between biodiversity conservation and its influence on economically important sectors more explicit. We address this challenge by developing and testing 4 spatial prioritization strategies with the decision‐support tool Marxan, which meets targets for biodiversity conservation while minimizing impacts to users. We evaluated these strategies in terms of how priority areas shift under different scales of target setting (e.g., regional vs. country level). We also examined the trade‐off between cost‐efficiency and how equally solutions represent countries and maritime industries (n = 14) operating in the region with the protection‐equality metric. We found negligible differences in where priority conservation areas were located when we set targets for biodiversity at the regional versus country scale. Conversely, the prospective impacts on industries, when considered as costs to be minimized, were highly divergent across scenarios and biased the placement of protection toward industries located in isolation or where there were few other industries. We recommend underpinning future marine spatial planning efforts in the region through identification of areas of national significance, transboundary areas requiring cooperation between countries, and areas where impacts on maritime industries require careful consideration of the trade‐off between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic objectives.     

Industries and lung cancer: A population-based case-control study in British Columbia

An investigation was conducted to identify high-risk industries for histological subtypes of lung cancer based on a large population-based case-control study in British Columbia, Canada. Occupational histories and information on smoking and relevant covariates were collected from 14,755 male incident cancer cases. Industrial risk factors for 2998 lung cancer cases, including histological subtypes were assessed by logistic regression using other cancer cases, excluding smoking-related cancers, as controls. An excess risk of lung cancer was found among workers in mining, metal manufacturing, and electric power systems for all histological-subtypes, and construction, water transport, health services for specific histological subtypes. Industrial associations that are unique to histological subtypes of lung cancer were identified. Future research needs to focus on confirming these histological associations, and identifying the risk from key exposures found within these industries (e.g. medical radiation, electromagnetic fields, and cooking fumes).     

工矿商贸行业较大以上次生衍生事故分析研究

通过对2012~2015年6月全国工矿商贸行业发生的较大以上次生衍生事故行业分布、地域分布、时段分布、空间分布等特征的分析,归纳总结了次生衍生事故发生的规律和特点,根据事故致因理论,对次生衍生事故原因进行了分析,并提出对策措施,为降低工矿商贸次生衍生事故发生率、减少人员伤亡提供理论支撑。     

A Mediation Case for Resolving the Energy and Environment Dispute at Aliağa-İzmir, Turkey

A mediation exercise to resolve the ongoing dispute against these power plant projects at Aliağa was recommended and participated in by the author in 1997. In this article the basis of the continuing environmental concern about the feared impacts of the new power plants, procedure, and results of this mediation are mentioned. The basis of the “energy versus environment” dispute in Aliağa are introduced. Mediation exercise and its end results have been criticized.     

中国资源密集型产业地理分布研究——以石油加工业和黑色金属产业为例

资源密集型产业作为我国的基础性产业,由于其资源依赖度高、市场内向化、产业联系强、规模效应显著,大多分布在重工业基础较好的中西部地区。随着交通替代作用的加强和对国外市场的依赖度提升,开始出现沿海化趋势。论文通过对1980-2007年典型资源密集型产业的分析,发现石油加工及炼焦业和黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业自改革开放产业政策调整后呈现地理分散趋势,但“历史基础和路径依赖”显著影响资源密集型产业的分布。基于2000和2005年地级市单元的产业数据,采用Tobit模型分析,发现资源禀赋、历史基础、交通通达性、市场规模等对资源密集型产业分布的影响显著,而开发区、沿海和开放政策等对其影响并不显著,说明通过开发和鼓励政策引导资源密集型产业转移,在短时间内很难克服路径依赖带来的影响,需要更长时期来实现转变。     

电镀工业污染最小化技术

通过分析电镀行业工艺现状,总结了电镀工业废水的产生,特性,现有的治理措施及存在的问题,提出了更新原料,减少用水量及提高回收率污染最小化技术的方案。事实证明,实行污染最小化技术是电镀行业减小污染排放,提高经济效益切实可行的方法。     

重点行业的关注污染物与环境危害简析

经济的高速发展加速了城市化的进程,许多原有的污染行业面临着废弃或关闭,因而产生了大量的污染场地(又称为"棕地").污染场地对人体健康和环境呈现潜在的风险,限制经济的可持续发展和社会稳定.对筛选的10个重点行业的工艺过程进行简要描述,总结了重点行业的工艺过程,潜在的污染源区以及关注污染物的迁移和持久性,并分析了污染物对人...