EFFECTS OF URBAN LAKES ON QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF BASEFLOW1

ABSTRACT: Man-made lakes have significant impacts on the hydrologic conditions in the watershed in which they are built. This paper examines the nature of the impact upon baseflow by comparing baseflow conditions at the outlet of the lakes with those elsewhere in the watershed. Situated in the upper reaches of a small watershed, the lakes studied have only a minor effect upon the magnitude of baseflow discharge, increasing it slightly from October to January, and decreasing it from May to September. Baseflow quality is substantially affected. Natural dissolved ions, as represented by magnesium, are generally decreased in concentration and total load by the lakes. Road salt related inons are substantially increased in both concentration and total load in the baseflow. Surface runoff stored in the lakes is extremely enriched in salt in the winter, and the storage capacity of the lakes is sufficient to maintain winter salt concentrations in the baseflow near the lakes until summer. The storage effect also tends to damp out seasonal fluctuations in baseflow chloride content which are extreme in suburban watersheds. The difference in quality between the lake and non-lake baseflows and the linear distance needed for complete mixing are used as measures of the magnitude and distal extent of the lake effect on baseflow quality.     

分段重铬酸钾法测定高氯离子废水COD方法研究

通过对高盐废水COD测定时氯离子干扰与氧化剂浓度的关系研究发现:氧化剂浓度对氯离子干扰程度有较大的影响。根据研究结果,提出了用分段重铬酸钾法测定高盐废水COD的设想,并对此设想进行了验证。验证结果表明:用分段重铬酸钾法测定高盐废水COD的设想是完全可行的;而且方法的准确度较好,相对误差<9%,实际废水加有机物的回收率>92%。     

生物填料在废水处理中的应用及研究进展

概述了废水处理中生物填料的应用现状和发展,首先介绍了常用填料,如定型固定式填料、悬挂式填料及分散型填料在废水处理中的应用,其次以亲水、生物亲和及生物亲和亲水磁性填料为代表,对新型填料在废水处理中的应用作了阐述。     

Soil-ecological conditions of the zone of salt waste dumping and plant adaptation to them

Technogenic surface formations near salt waste dumps are subject to salinization by sodium chloride. Synanthropic representatives of local flora that have adapted to salinization are characterized by increased concentrations of salinizing ions; redistribution of chlorides, with their predominant accumulation in above-ground organs; selective absorption with respect to sodium, chloride, and potassium ions; and decreased activity of hydrogen ions in cells.     

不同载体携带纳米零价铁在多孔介质中的迁移特性

批次试验和模拟柱试验探讨了NZVI在3种载体(水、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液和SDS泡沫)中的稳定性以及在3种载体携带作用下NZVI在多孔介质(0.25~0.5mm, 0.5~0.9mm, 0.9~1.4mm)中的迁移特性.由实验可知,对于NZVI悬浊液,在0.9~1.4mm,0.5~0.9mm和0.25~0.5mm介质中,NZVI从模拟柱中的溢出率分别为20.9%,17.4%和6.5%,NZVI在介质中分布的均匀性关系为0.9~1.4mm>0.5~0.9mm>0.25~0.5mm;对于SDS-NZVI悬浊液,NZVI在0.9~1.4mm 和0.5~0.9mm介质中的迁移性较0.25~0.5mm介质远远增强,NZVI在介质中分布均匀性关系为0.5~0.9mm>0.9~1.4mm>0.25~0.5mm;对于NZVI负载泡沫,NZVI在0.5~0.9mm与0.25~0.5mm介质中的迁移性较NZVI悬浊液和SDS-NZVI悬浊液增强,NZVI在0.5~0.9mm介质中分布均匀性较好,0.25~0.5mm其次,0.9~1.4mm均匀性最差.研究结果表明,SDS溶液和SDS泡沫与水相比较均有效促进了NZVI在3种介质中的运移,然而对于0.9~1.4mm介质,SDS溶液对NZVI迁移的促进作用较SDS泡沫更明显,对于0.25~0.5mm介质,SDS泡沫对NZVI迁移的促进作用较SDS溶液更大.     

电路板蚀刻废液及其回收铜盐产品中PCBs污染特征

POPs(持久性有机污染物)是近年来广受关注的一类环境污染物. 为研究工业过程中POPs的运转迁移,针对电路板蚀刻废液及其回收后生产的铜盐产品中7种指示性PCBs(多氯联苯)及CB-209进行分析. 结果表明,PCBs在碱性废液和微蚀废液中未检出,而在酸性废液中有不同程度检出,ρ(∑₈PCBs)在0.41~60.80 ng/L之间,其中ρ(∑₇指示性PCBs)在0.24~58.00 ng/L之间. 3种铜盐产品〔CuCl₂、Cu₂(OH)₃Cl和CuSO₄〕中,CuSO₄中w(∑₈PCBs)相对较高,在2.75~284.00 ng/kg之间;而CuCl₂中w(∑₈PCBs)在6.95~31.50 ng/kg之间;Cu₂(OH)₃Cl中w(∑₈PCBs)在7.31~9.42 ng/kg之间. 污染物指纹特征表明,酸性蚀刻废液及其铜盐产品中的PCBs具有十分相似的分布特征,CB-28是最主要的检出单体,并且w(CB-209)相对较高,表明铜盐产品中的PCBs主要来源于生产原料(酸性蚀刻废液)的携带,而酸性蚀刻废液中污染物来源须待进一步分析研究.      

入侵藤本薇甘菊的耐盐能力

薇甘菊Mikania micrantha Kunth为原产中南美洲的入侵藤本植物,现已在全球热带和亚热带地区照成严重的生态问题。野外观察发现薇甘菊已在珠三角沿海植被中滋生。为揭示薇甘菊的耐盐能力及其对滨海盐生植被的潜在危害性,分别对薇甘菊种子、根系和茎干在不同盐度胁迫下的响应进行了测定。在珠三角地区采集了薇甘菊3个批次的种子,并选取珠江三角洲6种常见植物（菊科假臭草Eupatorium catarium、藿香蓟Ageratum conyzoides、野茼蒿Crassocephalum crepidioides、鬼针草Bidens pilosa、翅果菊Pterocypsela indica和旋花科小花假番薯Ipomoea triloba）作为对照,测定了它们在不同NaCl盐度（质量分数）胁迫下的萌发率和幼苗生长;为揭示薇甘菊种子是否可由海水传播,将薇甘菊和对照植物假臭草、藿香蓟和鬼针草在不同盐度条件下浸泡不同时间后解除胁迫再观测其种子萌发率;为确定薇甘菊能否在滨海盐土中无性繁殖,分别对薇甘菊的根系和茎干在盐水浸泡下的植株生长进行了测定。研究结果表明：1）总体而言,薇甘菊3个种群在≤0.6%盐度胁迫下的种子萌发率均与对照组无显著差异,个别种群的这一阈值可高达1.5%,明显高于其他对照植物;同一盐度胁迫条件下,薇甘菊幼苗根系和苗高生长受抑制程度明显低于对照植物。2）即使经高达3.0%盐度胁迫浸泡长达12 d后,薇甘菊、藿香蓟和假臭草种子的萌发率也没有受到显著影响,而鬼针草种子的萌发率有明显下降;四种植物受浸泡后萌芽的幼苗生长均正常。3）薇甘菊根系受0.5%盐度胁迫时没有植株死亡,但苗高增长仅为对照组的53.3%;根系在1.0%盐度胁迫下有95%的植株能存活至少25 d,但苗高增长仅为对照的18.9%;根系在≥1.5%盐度胁迫下薇甘菊无法存活。4）被清水浸泡的薇甘菊茎茎叶均能存活且在全部被浸泡的节上萌芽。当薇甘菊茎干受≥1.0%盐水浸泡时,受浸泡的叶片全部死亡,在1.0%、2.0%和3.0%盐度胁迫下受试茎第21天的死亡率分别为42.9%、40.9%和86.4%。以上结果表明薇甘菊对盐生生境具一定的适应能力,可能通过种子萌发或无性繁殖扩张的方式对滨海盐生植被构成威胁,应当引起重视。     

石方爆破作业爆破冲击波事故分析

在进行工程爆破时,爆破所产生的飞石、振动、空气冲击波、噪音和毒气是公认的爆破公害,尤其是振动和飞石在爆破过程中是不可避免的危害.针对在实际工程中,由于爆破冲击波造成的人员伤害和设备的损害以及引起该事故发生的危险因素,采用事故树分析方法得到影响顶事件的最小割集,通过计算基本事件的结构重要度,确定了影响爆破冲击波事故的主要因素,并提出相应的安全措施,对降低爆破冲击波效应的影响以及降低露天爆破安全事故有重要意义.     

Disaster journalism: fostering citizen and community disaster mitigation,preparedness, response,recovery, and resilience across the disaster cycle

Natural and human‐caused disasters pose a significant risk to the health and well‐being of people. Journalists and news organisations can fulfil multiple roles related to disasters, ranging from providing warnings, assessing disaster mitigation and preparedness, and reporting on what occurs, to aiding long‐term recovery and fostering disaster resilience. This paper considers these possible functions of disaster journalism and draws on semi‐structured interviews with 24 journalists in the United States to understand better their approach to the discipline. A thematic analysis was employed, which resulted in the identification of five main themes and accompanying subthemes: (i) examining disaster mitigation and preparedness; (ii) facilitating recovery; (iii) self‐care and care of journalists; (iv) continued spread of social media; and (v) disaster journalism ethics. The paper concludes that disaster journalism done poorly can result in harm, but done well, it can be an essential instrument with respect to public disaster planning, management, response, and recovery.     

基于社交媒体建构的旅游演艺品牌符号研究--以《长恨歌》为例

运用内容分析法对《长恨歌》社交媒体的营销话语进行了梳理,并基于皮尔斯符号三元论,探究了旅游演艺在社交媒体平台中的品牌符号建构模式。结果发现:建构过程主要分为表征、传播和感知3个阶段,《长恨歌》品牌符号表征可划分为历史文化、知识信息、价值感知、环境服务和互动仪式5大主题,传播呈现时间同步性和空间异质性规律,旅游演艺品牌符号在激发受众多维感知的过程中,塑造出《长恨歌》深入人心、历久弥新的品牌形象,为社交媒体语境下旅游演艺品牌营销带来启示。