三苯基锡的微生物降解及其对降解菌的影响

为了探明三苯基锡(TPhT)微生物降解途径,分析TPhT生物降解机制,及降解过程TPhT对降解菌的毒性影响,采用Biolog法研究了克雷伯氏菌处理不同浓度TPhT后菌体利用碳源能力的改变,并利用GC-MS和X射线光电子能谱检测了TPhT的降解产物.处理2 h后,1 mg.L-1TPhT对降解菌利用碳源的促进作用最强.原子力显微镜观察发现,降解TPhT后部分菌体内含物流失,细胞凋亡,但大部分菌体保持完整形态,对照菌体表面出现细小褶皱.胞内酶在120 h内对3 mg.L-1TPhT的降解率即可达66.0%,效果明显优于菌体细胞.综合GC-MS和XPS分析结果发现,TPhT降解过程会产生二苯基锡(DPhT)和一苯基锡(MPhT),并最终形成无机的Sn4+.     

离子液体氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑对EMT6细胞的毒性及其机理研究

为评估咪唑类离子液体的生物毒性,研究了氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([C8mim] [C1])对EMT6细胞的毒性作用和可能的机制.不同浓度(0.06、0.25、1 mmol·L-)的[C8 mim][Cl]对EMT6细胞染毒12h后,采用MTT方法检测细胞活力,二乙酸荧光素(FDA)方法检测细胞膜通透性的变化,Rhodamine 123染色方法检测线粒体膜电位的变化,ELISA方法检测了Caspase-3的活性,并测定了细胞内活性氧(ROS)的含量.结果表明,经[Csmim] [Cl]染毒12h后,EMT6细胞活力下降,并呈剂量依赖关系.当[Csmim] [Cl]浓度高于0.25 mmol·L-1时,细胞活力与对照相比,差异显著.研究还发现,[Csmim][Cl]染毒增加了EMT6细胞膜通透性,降低了线粒体膜电位并诱导产生过量的活性氧,增强了Caspase-3活性.实验结果表明,[C8mim] [Cl]染毒造成了EMT6细胞膜通透性的改变、活性氧的过量产生和凋亡分子表达的增强,这可能是[Csmim] [Cl]导致细胞凋亡和活力下降的主要原因.     

Effect of crystalline structure on terbuthylazine degradation by H2O2-assisted TiO2 photocatalysis under visible irradiation

Various methods for shifting the optical response of TiO₂ into the visible (Vis) range have been reported. Herein, we reported the application of a TiO₂/H₂O₂/Vis process and the effects of TiO2 crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine. The results indicated that TiO₂ crystalline structure and H₂O₂ addition had significant effects on terbuthylazine degradation: its degradation rate could be increased from 7% to 70% with H₂O₂ addition after 180?min of reaction, the synergistic degradation of terbuthylazine by TiO₂-Fe^{3 +} was substantially accelerated, with the degradation rate reaching up to 100% after 20?min of reaction, and rutile TiO₂ showed better photocatalytic activity and a more obvious synergistic effect than anatase TiO₂. The addition of free-radical scavengers (tert-butyl alcohol or methanol) inhibited the degradation efficiency of rutile TiO₂, but had a relatively minor effect on anatase TiO₂. Fluorescence spectrophotometry analysis indicated that hydroxyl free radicals could be continuously produced when using rutile TiO₂ as the photocatalyst. Degradation of terbuthylazine catalyzed by rutile TiO₂ occurred mainly in solution, but occurred on the particle surface of the photocatalyst when catalyzed by anatase TiO₂. This study provides new insight into the role of TiO₂ crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine and its photocatalytic degradation mechanism.     

光电催化氧化体系降解苯胺类污染物的同步耦合反应机制研究

以3,4-二甲基苯胺(3,4-dimethylaniline,3,4-DMA)为苯胺类污染物的代表,通过降解贡献度分析、不同影响因素下动力学公式的建立及中间产物分析来探究其在高盐光电催化氧化体系下的同步耦合反应机制.结果表明,氯类活性物质与羟基自由基对3,4-DMA 10 min降解的贡献率分别为87.55%和7.9%,UV直接氧化、阳极直接氧化、光生空穴直接氧化的作用均可忽略.在不同的初始pH值(A)、初始氯化钠浓度(B)、电流密度(C)、光照强度(D)条件下,光电体系中的光催化与电催化反应均表现出协同效应,且电催化反应占主导.4种影响因素可通过影响氯类活性物质与羟基自由基的产生来对耦合机制产生作用.根据所得动力学公式ln(c_0/c_t)=0.0042A~(-0.2422)B~(0.3378)C~(1.4742)D~(0.2300)t,4种因素对反应体系的作用强弱顺序为:电流密度(C)初始氯化钠浓度(B)初始pH值(A)光照强度(D).基于GC/MS对中间产物的检测结果,提出3,4-DMA的两种可能降解路径:①3,4-DMA依次降解为3,4-二甲基苯酚、邻二甲苯、邻甲基苯甲酸、甲苯、苯甲醛、烷烃类物质、CO_2和H_2O;②3,4-DMA依次降解为含N联苯类物质、脂肪酸类物质、CO_2和H_2O.     

Transformation of erythromycin during secondary effluent soil aquifer recharging: Removal contribution and degradation path

Erythromycin (ERY), a widely used antibiotic, has recently been detected in municipal secondary effluents and poses serious threats to human health during wastewater reusing. In this study, the removal, fate, and degradation pathway of ERY in secondary effluent during soil aquifer treatment was evaluated via laboratory-scale SAT tests. Up to a 92.9% reduction of ERY in synthetic secondary effluent was observed in 1.0 m depth column system, which decreased to 64.7% when recharged with wastewater treatment plant secondary effluent. XRD-fractionation results demonstrated that the transphilic acid and hydrophobic acid fractions in secondary effluent compete for the adsorption sites of the packed soil and lead to a declined ERY removal. Moreover, aerobic biodegradation was the predominant role for ERY removal, contributing more than 60% reduction of ERY when recharged with synthetic secondary effluent. Destruction of 14-member macrocyclic lactone ring and breakdown of two cyclic sugars (l-cladinose and d-desosamine) were main removal pathways for ERY degradation, and produced six new intermediates.     

DBP高效降解菌群的富集及其降解特性研究

以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为唯一碳源及能源,从开封市垃圾焚烧发电厂活性污泥中富集得到细菌菌群LV-1,高通量测序显示LV-1共包含33个科、48个属,其中优势菌属为布鲁氏杆菌(Brucella sp.,62.78%)和中华杆菌(Sinobacter sp.,14.83%).在最佳降解条件下(30℃、p H6.0),LV-1 48 h内可将500 mg·L-1DBP降解93%左右,72 h内将1000 mg·L-1DBP降解95%以上.当DBP浓度为100~500 mg·L~(-1)时,LV-1对DBP的降解过程符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为13.64~19.20 h.利用GC-MS对DBP生物降解的中间产物进行分析,推测LV-1降解DBP的生化途径:DBP—→邻苯二甲酸-1-乙基-6-丁基酯(BEP)—→邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)—→邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MEP)—→邻苯二甲酸(PA—→—→)CO_2+H_2O.此外,LV-1还能够有效降解侧链较短的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)及PA.     

PM2.5暴露对小鼠肝脏能量代谢的影响

通过细颗粒物(particulate matter 2.5,PM_(2.5))的暴露,探讨其对小鼠肝脏能量代谢方式的影响及作用机制.采用透射电镜(TEM)观察肝脏组织中线粒体超微结构的改变,并检测了三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、丙酮酸和乳酸含量的变化,同时用实时荧光定量-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测糖酵解相关基因果糖-2,6-二磷酸酶(PFKFB3)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDHB)及三羧酸循环(TCA)相关基因丙酮酸脱氢酶(PDHA1)、柠檬酸合成酶(CS)和延胡索酸酶(FH)的表达情况.此外,还对活性氧(ROS)的水平进行检测.结果表明,PM_(2.5)暴露对小鼠肝脏组织中的线粒体造成损伤,导致ATP的下降,丙酮酸和乳酸的积累.此外,PDHA1、CS和FH的表达明显降低,PFKFB3和LDHB的表达显著升高,这些结果共同表明PM_(2.5)改变了小鼠肝脏的能量代谢方式.同时ROS水平明显升高,表明PM_(2.5)暴露可能是通过ROS抑制三羧酸循环,增强糖酵解方式来为机体提供能量,从而对肝脏的能量代谢产生影响.     

山东淄博孝妇河流域地下水污染及环境对其的控制作用

研究了孝妇河流域地下水的主要污染途径、污染组分及其空间的分布特征，用模糊数学方法进行了地下水质量评价；同时研究了地貌条件，河流与含水层之间接触关系及河水的水质等环境条件对地下水污染的控制作用。     

矿业城市浅层地下水污染机制研究

分析了不同来源的污染物对矿业城市浅层地下水的污染机制，重点阐述淮南市区浅层地下水的主要污染源及其分布形状、主要污染物及其性状特征。