用造纸污泥制备改性木质素磺酸钠

以甲醛作改性剂,用造纸污泥制备改性木质素磺酸钠,通过正交实验考察了各种因素对改性木质素磺酸钠减水性能的影响。实验结果表明：木质素磺酸钠进行羟甲基化反应时,在10g粗品木质素中加入甲醛7mL、反应温度为45℃、反应液pH为10—11的最佳条件下,改性木质素磺酸钠的减水率为25．2％。经测试,改性木质素磺酸钠的各项性能指标均达到普通减水剂的国家标准要求。     

动态膜-生物反应器中新型预涂剂的抗污染特性研究

对动态膜技术中的预涂剂进行了拓展研究,通过聚乙烯醇(PVA)与戊二醛(GA)的乳化交联制备新型预涂剂——PVA微球,分析交联反应机理,并通过PVA微球对产生膜污染主要物质EPS的吸附实验分析其抗污染特性.结果表明,乳化交联过程中主要发生的是半缩醛反应,PVA胶团的羟基数量实质上没有大量减少,PVA微球仍然保持良好的亲水性能,而且其表面呈现的电负性能够对活性污泥絮体产生静电排斥作用, PVA微球对活性污泥中蛋白质和多糖的吸附率稳定且较低,分别为0 .543 mg·g^-1和0 .694 mg·g^-1,从微观上延缓了膜污染.预涂液中微球的粒径在1 .14 μm左右,其不同浓度的Zeta电位都小于-39 mV,具有良好的稳定性,能够快速稳定地沉积在多孔底膜的表面和孔道内壁上,试验中采用SEM分析了PVA微球及其在工业滤布内部纤维丝上形成动态膜的表观形貌.     

氟石膏废渣改性生产粉刷石膏研究

氟石膏是化工生产排出的废渣,主要物相组成为Ⅱ型无水石膏(CaSO4)。以氟石膏为原料,掺加激发剂进行改性,辅以适量保水剂、掺合料、引气剂等外加剂,磨细混匀后即得建筑抹灰用粉刷石膏。经测试,粉刷石膏的技术性能指标均符合国家行业标准要求。氟石膏废渣改性生产粉刷石膏既有利于环境保护,又能获得良好的经济效益,是其资源化利用的一条新途径。     

Non-UV based germicidal activity of metal-doped TiO2 coating on solid surfaces

A stain-based screening method was developed to screen different catalyst coatings for their germicidal activity. A Baclight dead/live bacteria viability kit （invitrogen, molecular probes） was used for staining the cell. The screening was carried out following a standard procedure. This included loading cell suspension to solid surface and maintaining contact for 30 min, then staining with a mixture containing dyes. The stained cells were observed using an epifluorescent microscope and photographed with a CCD camera under UV. Metal-doped TiO2 coatings on AI plates were prepared and tested for non-UV germicidal activity without using UV. It was tested using model microorganisms such as Bakers Yeast （Saccharomyces cerevisiae）, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Escherichia coli. On the basis of the germicidal activity of catalyst and the degree of damage caused to the cells, the stained cells may appear green （viable）, green with red or yellow nuclei and yellow （compromised） or red （nonviable）. According to their stained color, cells were counted to calculate the percentage of dead, live, and compromised cells. Compromised cells are cells that grow very slowly after reculturing indicating a degree of reversible cell damage. Screening the germicidal activity using this staining method is accurate and efficient, and requires less time than the culture-based method. A modification to the procedure for measuring germicidal activity of rough surfaces or fibrous coatings was developed. Both TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 （Ag, Pt, Au, Cu） possess non-UV based germicidal activity. The germicidal activity of TiO2 was found to be related with its wetting property and can be improved by UV irradiation before testing. It is not greatly affected by contact time, indicating a fast acting germicidal activity.     

Improvement of the antifouling characteristics in a bioreactor of polypropylene microporous membrane by the adsorption of Tween 20

Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes (PPMMs). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces. Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured. The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes. To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater. With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d, the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied.     

沸石改性及其去除水中氨氮的实验研究

通过实验研究了沸石改性条件及其对水中氨氮吸附去除的影响。结果表明,加热改性与无机酸改性不能显著提高沸石对氨氮的吸附量。利用NaOH改性的最佳浓度为1 mol/L,此条件下对氨氮吸附量可提高到650.68 mg/kg,为天然沸石的2.82倍。利用无机盐改性时,对氨氮吸附效果最好的是NaCl改性沸石,其次为KCl改性沸石与CaCl₂改性沸石。随着NaCl溶液浓度和改性时间的增加,改性沸石对氨氮的吸附量显著增加,可达天然沸石的3～4倍;在NaCl浓度为150 g/L与改性时间为18 h条件下,改性沸石对氨氮吸附量可达887.35 mg/kg,为天然沸石的3.84倍。     

N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的制备及其H_2O_2改性的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用水解沉淀法制备了N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂和H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂.实验表明,H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的最佳制备条件为:氨水(质量分数28%)加入量20 mL,焙烧温度500 ℃,H_2O_2(质量分数30%)加入量2.0 mL.日光下,N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂及H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂在反应90 min时的活性红紫去除率达99%,它们对活性红紫的去除率远高于P_(25)TiO_2光催化剂.H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂中N质量分数比改性前明显提高,制备的两种催化剂中不仅含有N元素,同时还含有C和H元素.     

改性高岭土处理含酸性媒介染料的印染废水

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性的高岭土处理以水溶性酸性媒介染料为主的印染废水.实验结果表明,当CTMAB-高岭土加入量为0.6 g/L、用石灰乳控制废水pH为9.5～10.0、聚丙烯酰胺的加入量为2.0 mg/L时,废水的处理效果最佳,废水色度和COD去除率分别达到98.0%和92.0%以上,出水色度和COD达到了GB4287-92<纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准>一级排放标准.     

活性炭负载催化剂去除燃煤烟气中单质汞的研究

以贵州凯里褐煤进行燃烧实验,研究采用CoCl2(负载量20%)改性的活性炭去除烟气中的单质汞。颗粒态汞占烟气总汞的87%,而单质汞占气态汞的80.4%。改性活性炭吸附了气态汞中97%的单质汞,而吸收液只吸收了3%的单质汞。可见改性活性炭也能有效地吸附煤燃烧实验中的烟气汞。实验结果表明,煤中汞的释放率为59.5%,1kg的改性活性炭可以吸附208t煤所产生的烟气中的气态单质汞。     

污水处理移动床生物膜反应器悬浮载体研究进展

介绍了移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)中悬浮载体的种类和特性,讨论了对其性能的影响因素,总结了当前悬浮载体改性技术及性能评价的方法,并对后续研究提出了建议。