Interaction between Cu2+ and different types of surface-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron during their transport in porous media

This study investigated the interaction between Cu²⁺ and nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) coated with three types of stabilizers (i.e., polyacrylic acid [PAA], Tween-20 and starch) by examining the Cu²⁺ uptake, colloidal stability and mobility of surface-modified NZVI (SM-NZVI) in the presence of Cu²⁺. The uptake of Cu²⁺ by SM-NZVI and the colloidal stability of the Cu-bearing SM-NZVI were examined in batch tests. The results showed that NZVI coated with different modifiers exhibited different affinities for Cu²⁺, which resulted in varying colloidal stability of different SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu²⁺. The presence of Cu²⁺ exerted a slight influence on the aggregation and settling of NZVI modified with PAA or Tween-20. However, the presence of Cu²⁺ caused significant aggregation and sedimentation of starch-modified NZVI, which is due to Cu²⁺ complexation with the starch molecules coated on the surface of the particles. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the co-transport of Cu²⁺ in association with SM-NZVI in water-saturated quartz sand. It was presumed that a physical straining mechanism accounted for the retention of Cu-bearing SM-NZVI in the porous media. Moreover, the enhanced aggregation of SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu²⁺ may be contributing to this straining effect.     

糠醛生产废渣直接转化为复合肥的研究

以稻草为原料,用硫酸作催化剂,分别添加过磷酸钙,重钙和复合添加剂,常压水解,温度１１０℃－１４０℃,添加剂与原料比１：２－１：３,液因比３：１－４：１,水解时间２－３ｈ,出醛率较一般硫酸法高３％－４％,渣ｐＨ≈７,有效磷和钾的含量均达到复合磷钾肥标准。     

粉煤灰的活化性能研究

研究了粉煤灰的活化方法,确定了最适宜的活化剂HR和相应的活化条件。利用XPS．IR．TEM．TGA和DTA等方法研究了活化粉煤灰的表面成分、基团和形貌。考察了活化粉煤灰的疏水性和在有机介质中的分散性及亲和性。证明活化剂分子是以化学键牢固地结合在粉煤灰表面上而使其显著改性。     

粉煤灰表面改性的研究

本文利用H-NA,H-R等六种不同的表面活化剂,采用干法和湿法的活化工艺,对粉煤灰的表面进行改性研究。试验表明,活化粉煤灰表面的羟基数目减少,增加了活化剂的相应基团,它在有机介质中的分散性明显好转。用活化粉煤灰作聚氯乙烯和橡胶的填料,制成试样,测试结果表明,与未活化的粉煤灰相比,各种性能均明显改善,除橡胶磨耗减量质量有待进一步提高外,其余各项指标均达到和超过有关标准。因此,这是利用再生资源,降低复合材料成本,保护环境的一种新途径。     

碱改性活性炭对VOCs的吸附性能

选用3种经氢氧化钠改性的活性炭,研究了其对4种代表性VOCs(丁酮、乙酸乙酯、甲苯和四氯化碳)的吸附规律。结果表明:活性炭经碱改性后吸附性能有较大改善,吸附量的大小与其比表面积呈正相关性,而其比表面积多为微孔提供;改性活性炭对有机气体的吸附以物理吸附为主;吸附质的相对分子质量、密度、熔点与其在改性活性炭上的吸附量具有线性相关性,而沸点、饱和蒸气压、分子动力学直径则与吸附量无明显相关性;对于同一吸附剂,170℃再生时的性能最好,130℃次之,210℃最差。     

关于GIS的环境影响评价系统的开发与应用

论述关于地理信息系统(GIS)的环境影响评价系统存在的问题,以及为解决这些问题须对该系统增加数学模型自动调整和修正功能,人工参与数学模型的调整和修正并改造GIS平台,为保证环评数据准确性和决策可靠性提供技术依据。     

Response of a Group of Sichuan Snub-Nosed Monkeys to Commercial Logging in the Qinling Mountains, China

Abstract:  Habitat destruction is one of the greatest threats to primates worldwide. To understand the impact of forest logging on the habitat use of primates in temperate mixed forest, we compared the range, habitat used, population size, and diet of a troop (ERT) of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys ( Rhinopithecus roxellana ) in the Qinling Mountains before (1989), during (1997), and after (2002–2003) commercial logging. Logging significantly changed the composition of the forest and the food supply for the troop. Some areas were heavily logged and formed patches in the forest that lacked canopy cover. The troop moved 7 km away from their original range when logging took place and returned to their original range after logging stopped, but they avoided heavily logged areas that lacked canopy cover. Their movement indicated some degree of site fidelity in this species. Diet and home range changed after logging, but the population size remained stable, which suggests that this species has some ability to adapt to habitat changes. Our results may reflect a natural flexibility in primates to adapt to the changing food resources in temperate areas with marked seasonal variations in food availability and distribution. This flexibility may have contributed to their higher degree of resilience to habitat alterations caused by human activities compared with tropical forest primates that have a more specialized diet. Our findings provide important baseline information that will help decision makers in their efforts to conserve primates, especially in temperate regions, and to sustainably manage primate habitat.     

磁性阳离子型壳聚糖絮凝剂去除Cr(Ⅵ)

以二氧化硅和硅烷偶联剂(KH-570)包裹的磁性Fe3O4作为磁芯,壳聚糖(CS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)作为接枝单体,通过低压紫外光引发合成新型磁性壳聚糖絮凝剂(FSCAD),研究该材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除性能.采用傅立叶变换红外、热重分析、X射线衍射图谱和振动样品磁强计对絮凝剂进行表征,...     

微波改性活性炭的吸附性能

利用微波辐照技术代替传统的加热技术在N2 气中对煤质活性炭进行改性 ,以期提高活性炭的吸附性能。通过正交实验法 ,探讨了微波功率、辐照时间及样品粒径 3种因素对改性活性炭吸附效果的影响。结果表明 ,微波加热提高了活性炭的吸附能力 ,微波功率和辐照时间是决定改性活性炭吸附性能的关键因素 ,并通过对改性前后活性炭的孔隙结构和微结构变化进行分析 ,来讨论其改性机理。     

硅胶复合材料吸附重金属汞的研究进展

针对高毒性、易累积的重金属汞污染物,介绍了对硅胶基底材料进行化学改性的方法,从液相和气相两方面详述了硅胶复合材料(包括有机官能团改性硅胶材料和无机磁性硅胶复合材料)在汞吸附分离领域的研究和应用进展,分析了现有研究的不足之处,并对该领域未来的研究方向提出了建议。指出,研制出高效、高选择性、高稳定性、易回收的汞吸附剂是治理工业废水和燃煤烟气中汞污染的关键。