麻疯树核糖体失活蛋白(curcin)的化学修饰与其活性的关系

通过无细胞体系蛋白合成抑制活性的测定,结合荧光光谱和圆二色谱技术,对麻疯树核糖体失活蛋白(cur-c in)部分氨基酸残基进行特异性化学修饰,探讨维持curc in活性的必需氨基酸基团及修饰对curc in结构的影响.结果表明,组氨酸和半胱氨酸的修饰对活性没有影响.色氨酸和赖氨酸的修饰使curc in的活性分别下降了50%和100%,表明色氨酸和赖氨酸是维持curc in活性的重要残基.精氨酸修饰导致curc in的抑制活性完全丧失,内源荧光强度下降,最大发射波长发生红移,CD谱发生显著变化;表明精氨酸也是维持curc in活性的必需残基,并且对空间结构影响较大,推测对精氨酸的修饰破坏了精氨酸与其它基团的连接,导致curc in分子结构发生改变,失去和底物结合的能力,因而活性丧失.图3表1参34     

磷酸改性凹凸棒粘土对Pb2+的吸附研究

研究了不同浓度磷酸改性凹凸棒粘土的比表面积、孔结构性质以及其对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附.结果表明,凹凸棒粘土磷酸改性后比表面积明显增大,具有明显的中孔分布;9 mol/L磷酸改性处理的凹凸棒粘土吸附能力最佳,在改性凹凸棒粘土加入量为20～30 g/L,水样pH=5条件下,废水中Pb(Ⅱ)的被吸附率接近99%.     

方沸石水质净化剂的制备及其除氟研究

通过微观分析方法,在鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系钻孔岩样中首次发现方沸石类矿物.就地取材,对方沸石岩进行提纯和改性,制成多孔方沸石球,用于含氟水的处理,取得了明显的效果.对于100 mL起始浓度3 mg/L的含氟水,方沸石球较佳的水处理工艺条件为:用量1.5 g,搅拌后静置48 h,直径3 mm.对于起始浓度3 mg/L的含氟水,方沸石球一次水处理后氟离子浓度就低于国家标准值.对于起始浓度3～10 mg/L的含氟水,经方沸石球几次水处理后氟离子浓度也低于国家标准值.方沸石球对氟离子吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式,为:qe=0.243ce/1 0.433ce;吸附速度符合斑厄姆公式,为:dq/dt=4.482×10-3(qe-q)/t0.176.用过的方沸石球再生处理后活性基本恢复,多次再生后除氟效果有所下降.     

三种无机改性粘性土防渗衬里性能研究

利用三种无机材料沸石、粉煤灰、石灰对目前常用的粉质粘土+膨润土进行改性,以新鲜垃圾渗滤液作为渗透液,从防渗衬里的渗透系数以及对污染物的衰减能力方面进行了对比实验,对三种无机改性防渗衬里的性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:(1)石灰改性的防渗衬里防渗效果最好,其渗透系数能保持在10-8～10-9cm/s;沸石和粉煤灰改性的防渗衬里渗透系数也能达到10-8cm/s,并且随着实验的进行,渗透系数有所下降;(2)改性后的粘性土防渗衬里对污染质的衰减能力强于改性前:其COD的平均衰减百分比由改性前的68.25%分别升高到72.47%、86.94%和89.64%;对三氮的衰减百分比均有提高;对总铁平均衰减百分比为90%以上,对镉、锌也都表现出良好的去除效果。     

钾改性蒙脱石磁性微球对铯的吸附性能

本研究以钙基蒙脱石(Ca-MMT)为原料,通过K+作用制得改性蒙脱石粉(K-MMT),经海藻酸钠交联作用,将改性蒙脱石与永磁体(BaFe12O19)结合,制成钾改性蒙脱石磁性微球(KMBC).对比了 Ca-MMT、K-MMT、KMBC对Cs+的吸附差异,并通过SEM-EDS、FTIR、XRD、XPS分析了 K-MMT的...     

Safety effects of street lighting on roadway segments: Development of a crash modification function

Objective: Nighttime crashes are overrepresented on the U.S. highway system. Roadway lighting, which provides additional visibility by supplementing vehicle headlights, has been identified as an effective countermeasure to improve nighttime safety. However, the existing literature does not provide a thorough understanding of the effects of street lighting photometric characteristics on nighttime crash occurrence on roadway segments. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lighting photometric measures and nighttime crash risk on roadway segments and develop a crash modification function/factor (CMF).

Methods: The research team collected horizontal illuminance data on 440 roadway segments between 2 successive signalized intersections in Florida for 2012–2014 and matched 4 years of nighttime and daylight crash data (2011–2014). Random parameter negative binomial models were estimated for both nighttime and daylight crash frequencies. The expected night-to-day crash odds ratio, as an equivalent of CMF, was derived from the fitted models with the correction of estimation variances. The confidence intervals (CIs) of the developed CMF were estimated using the Cox method.

Results: The coefficient of the mean of horizontal illuminance is significantly negative in the nighttime model. The coefficients of the standard deviation of horizontal illuminance are significantly positive and normally distributed in both the nighttime and daylight models. The significance of the standard deviation in the daylight model captures the confounding effects—a high standard deviation correlates with high traffic exposures, poor safety design standards, and low maintenance quality. The CMF based on the expected daylight-to-day odds ratio was developed as an exponential function of the increments and the increment squares of the mean and the standard deviation of horizontal illuminance. Its 95% CIs indicate that the CMF is almost significant over the whole range. Other significant variables contributing to nighttime crash risk include annual average daily traffic, truck percentage, segment length, access density, undivided roads, and urban/city limits.

Conclusions: Horizontal illuminance characteristics have a significant impact on nighttime crash risk on roadway segments. An increase in the mean of horizontal illuminance, indicating an improvement in average lighting level, tends to decrease nighttime crash risk; an increase in the standard deviation, representing a poor uniformity of lighting pattern on a roadway segment, is more likely to raise nighttime crash risk. Because the 2 measures are strongly correlated in a low mean range (<0.44 fc), the 2 photometric measures need to be considered together to interpret the safety effects of lighting patterns. The standard deviation shows better performance in measuring lighting uniformity on a roadway segment than the traditional ratios (max-to-min and mean-to-min). However, a new photometric measure is needed to capture the true lighting pattern influencing driver vision at night.     

固液共存氧化型聚硅酸铁(PSF-I)混凝剂的分析

对自制的聚硅酸铁(PSF)进行改性,加入高锰酸钾和稳定剂M,制备出固液共存氧化型聚硅酸铁(PSF-Ⅰ)混凝剂,用滤纸将PSF-Ⅰ过滤,并对PSF-Ⅰ、PSF-Ⅰ滤液及PSF进行紫外吸收(UVA)全波长扫描及前两者的混凝实验,然后将PSF-Ⅰ与PSF、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)进行混凝对比研究,最后对PSF-Ⅰ的混凝性能随储存时间的稳定性进行探讨。结果表明,高锰酸钾的加入改变了PSF的微观结构,使PSF的形态尺寸增大,导致PSF-I中Fe3+离子的UVA特征峰比PSF高,并且保存了独立的高锰酸钾特征吸收峰(530nm)。PSF-Ⅰ中的固相起到初级核子作用,有利于絮体成长。PSF-Ⅰ的最佳投药量为9mg?L^-1,而PSF-Ⅰ滤液 的最佳投药量为12 mg?L^-1。PSF-I是通过混凝吸附和催化氧化功能共同实现对有机物的去除,而PSF和PFS仅是通过常规的混凝吸附去除部分有机物,去除机理有本质的区别。     

氧化锆官能化的六方中孔氧化硅（HMS）吸附水体中磷酸盐

采用液晶模板技术,合成了六方中孔氧化硅HMS,通过液相交换技术合成了表面氧化锆官能化的新型材料HMS-Zr,系统研究了其对磷酸盐的吸附行为.XRD、N2吸附/脱附测定表明了HMS-Zr的中孔特性,XPS分析反映其表面形成S—iO—Zr键.HMS-Zr对磷酸盐表现出良好的吸附效率（Zr含量为3.39%,饱和吸附量达到10...     

应用于Anammox-MBR的尼龙织布亲水改性研究

采用聚乙烯醇（PVA）对尼龙织布表面涂覆改性,对改性前后织布进行表征并进行纯水通量测试,随后以牛血清蛋白（BSA）模拟污染物测试尼龙织布改性前后的抗污染性能,并对改性后的织布进行溶解性有机碳（DOC）浸出实验.改性过程中,优选3%涂覆浓度和250μm涂层厚度,改性后织布的纯水通量值约提高85.0%,对BSA的截留率由6.0%±0.5%上升至7.2%±0.7%,通量恢复率由90.0%提高到96.1%,可逆污染比重上升,不可逆污染比重下降,污染形式主要表现为可逆污染.为避免改性尼龙织布应用于厌氧氨氧化-膜生物反应器（Anammox-MBR）时对厌氧氨氧化反应产生不可逆危害,提出应对制备完成的改性尼龙织布进行为期3d及以上的静态清水浸泡或动态浸出处理.     

农林废弃物处理印染废水的进展研究

印染废水组分复杂、毒性强,危害大,是目前较难处理也是急需处理的工业废水.农林废弃物是重要的可再生资源,可通过吸附有效去除印染废水中的染料分子.介绍了未改性、物理以及化学改性后的农林废弃物吸附剂处理印染废水的研究进展,对农林废弃物处理印染废水的研究方向进行了展望.提出加强农林废弃物吸附剂改性与实际应用方面的研究将是今后印染废水处理工艺的研究发展方向.