生物炭活化技术及生物炭催化剂的研究进展

回顾了常用的生物炭活化方法,包括酸活化、碱活化、气体活化、等离子体活化以及金属浸渍活化等,并且针对不同的活化方法对生物炭的孔径分布、比表面积、活性基团和活性位点的密度等理化特征及其对生物炭催化活性的影响进行了比较.最后,进一步探讨了采用不同的活化方法获得的生物炭的应用场景,以期为定制型功能生物炭及生物炭的新应用提供参考.     

PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN THE TERRESTRIAL DISPOSITION OF SILVER FROM CLOUD SEEDING1

ABSTRACT. Silver iodide is currently the most favored cloud seeding material in weather modification projects. While the literature indicates that its ecological effects are likely to be insignificant, its disposition in the terrestrial ecosystem after snow melt has not been adequately studied. Silver levels in soil, plant and litter material are being monitored twice a year on a mountainous area in southwestern Colorado, to determine whether annual accretion from cloud seeding can be measured with current techniques and whether significant changes in silver concentration take place in grass, aspen, and spruce communities. One AgI generator site is also being monitored. Comparison of silver concentrations in terrestrial components of the target area indicates no measurable increase after the first winter's seeding. On an ash basis, spruce foliage and litter contain about four times as much silver as soil. On a dry weight basis, soil from all three plant communities contains about six times as much silver as foliage. Consistent increases in silver concentration were found in soil and pine foliage within 200 meters of one generator site.     

锰矿尾渣改性壳聚糖对Pb^2＋的吸附

将工业废弃物锰矿尾渣与壳聚糖混合制得一种高效吸附斛，并应用扫描电镜、X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征。采用正交表设计试验，分别考察了pH值、吸附时间、温度、复合吸附剂的投加量等4个影响因素对Pb^2＋吸附的影响，最佳吸附条件为：pH值为7，吸附时问为40mjn，温度为20℃，复合吸附剂的投加量为0．10g。处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准（GB8978．1996）中的一级标准。复合吸附剂对Pb^2＋的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程。     

POSSIBILITIES OF INCREASED WATER SUPPLY FROM CLOUD SEEDING1

ABSTRACT. A review of the development of weather modification to augment precipitation including the cloud-physical foundation is presented. Recent work has tended to re-emphasize the importance of physical understanding of storm systems and of the effects of cloud seeding. The Pyramid Lake Seeding Project is discussed.     

各类固体表面处理及改性进展

表面改性,即对固体的表面进行处理,改变其表面性质,以达到我们需要的理想结果。研究表面性质的方法就是引入某种“探针”考察它与表面的相互作用,通过这种方法对改性前后的样品进行表征。现以催化剂载体表面、电极材料表面及塑料表面为例对表面改性的最新研究进展进行概述。     

Evaluating the Risk of Potential Acid Sulfate Soils and Habitat Modification for Mosquito Control (Runneling) in Coastal Salt Marshes: Comparing Methods and Managing the Risk

Coastal environments in Australia are under development pressures. Human settlement encroaches on disease vector salt marsh mosquito breeding areas that are underlain by potential acid sulfate soils (PASS). Altering the hydrology by runneling solves the mosquito problem but may lead to acid sulfate problems. Appropriate analytical tools can assess the risk to the environment. The objective of the research was to compare three methods of assessing PASS. The study area was a low-lying intertidal subtropical salt marsh that was being considered for runneling. The results indicated that using field pH and field peroxide pH (and the relationship between these), and also the peroxide oxidation-combined acidity and sulfate (POCAS) test, appeared to overestimate the potential acidity. This was because the source of acidity in the intertidal salt marsh includes a large organic content, which is not a major environmental concern. The chromium-reducible sulfur test, which is not affected by organic content, was found to provide the most appropriate assessment, and is recommended for use in highly organic salt marshes.     

利用人工降雨手段化汛期特大暴雨灾害为可利用水资源

利用美国1979-1995年NCEP/NCAR再分析及其它格点资料进行分析。发现汛期影响我国特大暴雨及洪涝灾害的，是一支存在于南，北两半球之间的非亚支“宏观气流系统”，它的气流运行具有一定的规律性，因而，对我国的特大暴雨和洪涝灾害，不但可以进行及时的监测和预报，而且可以在这支宏观气流系统的上游地带施行人工影响云雨工程，把空中丰沛水分降到需要雨水的地区，化洪涝灾害为宝贵的水资源。     

水杨酸和5-磺基—水杨酸表面修饰纳米TiO2吸附去除对硝基苯酚

利用化学吸附法合成了水杨酸和5-磺基-水杨酸表面修饰的TiO2纳米粒子．对表面修饰前后的TiO2纳米粒子，采用红外光谱法、固体紫外-可见漫反射电子光谱法比较其官能团和吸光性能的变化．研究发现，经水杨酸和5-磺基-水杨酸改性后的TiO2分别呈浅黄色、土黄色，吸收带边发生了明显的红移，吸收边起始点分别延伸至420nm和450nm处，出现-COOTi-和芳香羧酸酯的特征吸收峰；这说明TiO2表面羟基与水杨酸或5-磺基-水杨酸间发生类似酸和醇之闻的酯化反应，分别形成的稳定六元环化合物；在最佳吸附pH值4．0和吸附平衡时闻100min的条件下，水杨酸和5碱基-水杨酸表面修饰的TiO2纳米粒子对硝基苯酚的吸附率可由改性前的43％分别提高至89％和94％，突破了TiO2吸附去除芳香族污染物的瓶颈——在吸附剂表面的低覆盖率；同时表层链接苯环的极性减弱，非极性增强，并在水、苯和乙醇中具有良好的分散性．     

废旧塑料的综合利用

近年来 ,治理“白色污染”、消灭“白色公害”已成为全球的共识 ,从废旧塑料的最终处置、直接再生利用、改性再生利用、热分解以及与其他材料复合等几个方面综述了废旧塑料的综合利用途径 ,其中废旧塑料和其他材料复合的再生利用技术有很好的发展前途 ,将成为今后研究的新热点     

贵溪冷水坑银矿田银元素富集规律研究

贵溪冷水坑银矿田具超大型规模,矿化型式多样,主要有产于花岗斑岩体内及接触带附近的斑岩型矿化和产于上侏罗统打鼓顶组火山岩中层控叠改型矿化二大类。它们各自拥有不同的空间展布、矿物组成、结构构造、围岩蚀变和伴生元素特征。深入探讨银元素的空间分布特征,可以开拓矿田深部及外围找矿的思路。