活化粉煤灰填充聚氯乙烯板材的研究

用不同的活化粉煤灰代替活性碳酸钙作聚氯乙烯板材中的填料 ,制取试样并测试其性能。结果表明 ,选用好的改性剂 ,采用合适的活化方法时 ,得到的活化粉煤灰应用于聚氯乙烯板材中 ,其各项指标均符合标准规定 ,特别是在酸碱介质中表现出很好的耐腐蚀特性     

可见光响应漂浮式微球光催化剂及其光降解模拟海水中苯酚

为了将光催化技术应用于有机物污染海水的治理,本文首先利用水热还原得到了具有可见光响应的还原商用P25光催化剂,而后将还原后的P25作为活性组分负载在透明的有机玻璃空心微球表面,制成漂浮式微球光催化剂.还原后的P25的表征结果表明,水热条件下金属还原作用会将P25中少量Ti~(4+)还原成Ti~(3+),同时催化剂表面还形成了无序化-内部结晶的核壳结构.这两种结构变化都会显著拓展还原P25催化剂的可见光响应.含苯酚模拟污染海水的光降解实验发现,降解低浓度苯酚时,漂浮型微球光催化剂显示了优异的降解效率,降解5 h的去除率达到了95%以上.由于还原P25光催化剂的稳定性并且漂浮式微球光催化剂能简易回收,在多次重复实验中微球光催化剂都可以保持较高的催化活性.     

Enzymatic preparation of hydrophobic biomass with one-pot synthesis and the oil removal performance

Oil pollution is causing deleterious damage to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The utilization of agricultural waste such as corn stalk (CS) to produce biosorbents has been considered an ecofriendly and efficient approach for removing oil. However, most previous studies focused on the modification of the whole CS, which is inefficient due to the heterogeneity of CS. In this study, corn stalk pith (CP), which has excellent amphipathic characteristics, was selected to prepare a high-efficienc...     

表面化学改性活性炭对有机物吸附的研究进展

综述了国内外学者对氧化改性和还原改性活性炭吸附有机物的研究进展。氧化改性和还原改性活性炭的比表面积、表面官能团和表面pHpzc都发生了变化,因此对液态和气态有机物的吸附发生变化。吸附机理主要是通过改变三种力的作用形式和大小,即扩散力、供-受电子机制和静电作用。氧化改性活性炭不利于吸附水溶液中的有机物,还原改性活性炭有利于吸附水溶液中的有机物,氧化改性和还原改性活性炭都有利于吸附气态中极性有机物。     

再生骨料及再生混凝土的改性研究

全面综述了再生骨料和再生混凝土改性的试验方法、试验条件和改性效果。     

废聚乙烯的综合利用

废聚乙烯的回收利用是近年来环境污染控制的一个重要课题。作为废旧塑料的主要组成成份的废聚乙烯，人们已对其回收利用展开了大量的研究，并取得了很大的进步。从三大方面讨论了废聚乙烯的综合利用问题，同时，讨论了很多最新技术，并对每一方法的优缺点作出分析，对其应用前景作出了预测。     

Safety evaluation of cable barriers installation on rural highways in British Columbia

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety effectiveness of cable barrier systems installation on rural highway sections in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods: Data on police-attended serious collisions (injury?+?fatality) on a number of rural highway sections in British Columbia, Canada, were used in the analysis. An empirical Bayes (EB) approach was employed to ensure that the evaluation results were reliable and to account for the regression to the mean artifact. Safety performance functions (SPFs) were developed using data collected at similar sites. For both median cable barrier (MCB) and roadside cable barrier (RCB) sections, the evaluation was undertaken using all serious collisions, truck serious collisions, and off-road serious collisions.

Results: For MCB sections, the evaluation results showed statistically significant reductions of 21.7, 53.8, and 34.8% in all serious collisions, truck serious collisions, and off-road left (ORL) combined with head-on (HO) serious collisions. For RCB sections, statistically significant reductions of 74.7, 100, and 100% were found in all serious collisions, truck serious collisions, and off-road right (ORR) serious collisions, respectively. The impact of the after period on the evaluation results was explored. It was found that the changes in safety become more stable using an after period of 2–5 years.

Conclusions: Cable barriers were successful in reducing the frequency of serious collisions on provincial highways in British Columbia.     

Evaluating the cumulative effects of alteration on New England wetlands

In New England, patterns of glacial deposition strongly influence wetland occurrence and function. Many wetlands are associated with permeable deposits and owe their existence to groundwater discharge. Whether developed on deposits of high or low permeability, wetlands are often associated with streams and appear to play an important role in controlling and modifying streamflow. Evidence is cited showing that some wetlands operate to lessen flood peaks, and may have the seasonal effect of increasing spring discharges and depressing low flows. Wetlands overlying permeable deposits may be associated with important aquifers where they can produce slight modifications in water quality and head distribution within the aquifer. Impacts to wetlands undoubtedly will affect these functions, but the precise nature of the effect is difficult to predict. This is especially true of incremental impacts to wetlands, which may, for example, produce a change in streamflow disproportionate to wetland area in the drainage basin, i.e., a nonlinear effect as defined by Preston and Bedford (1988). Additional research is needed before hydrologic function can be reliably correlated with physical properties of wetlands and landscapes.A model is proposed to structure future research and explore relationships between hydrologic function and physical properties of wetlands and landscapes. The model considers (1) the nature of the underlying deposits (geologic type), (2) location in the drainage basin (topographic position), (3) relationship to the principal zone of saturation (hydrologic position), and (4) hydrologic character of the organic deposit.     

改性天然沸石去除水中氨氮的研究

分别采用NaCl、KCl和CaCl2对黑龙江省某市天然沸石进行改性,考察了pH值、氨氮初始浓度以及温度对改性沸石交换性能的影响,并对改性沸石的交换动力学进行了研究.结果表明,NaCl和KCl改性对沸石原矿交换容量有不同程度提高,而KCl改性后容量有所降低.pH、NH4 初始浓度以及温度对交换性能有明显影响,pH 6.0附近沸石交换容量最大;NH4 初始浓度越高,反应速度越快,相同初始浓度下,钾型沸石交换速度较快,而沸石原矿交换速度最慢.采用Langmuir型离子交换等温线进行非线性回归的结果显示,低温有利于交换反应的进行.溶液中NH4 在改性沸石上的离子交换反应可采用Vermeulen模型描述,沸石原矿拟合相关系数较差.改性沸石多次再生后,其交换容量均有所降低.     

改性活性炭脱硫剂的研究进展

活性炭是一种应用广泛的脱硫剂 ,其脱硫性能取决于它的孔隙结构和表面化学性质。为了提高其对SO2 的吸附效率及催化性能 ,往往需要对活性炭的孔隙结构进行调整或改变其表面化学性质。本文综述了活性炭的改性方法及其特点、改性活性炭脱硫剂的研究现状和进展等方面的概况。