Modeling mammal response to fire based on species’ traits

Fire has shaped ecological communities worldwide for millennia, but impacts of fire on individual species are often poorly understood. We performed a meta-analysis to predict which traits, habitat, or study variables and fire characteristics affect how mammal species respond to fire. We modeled effect sizes of measures of population abundance or occupancy as a function of various combinations of these traits and variables with phylogenetic least squares regression. Nine of 115 modeled species (7.83%) returned statistically significant effect sizes, suggesting most mammals are resilient to fire. The top-ranked model predicted a negative impact of fire on species with lower reproductive rates, regardless of fire type (estimate = –0.68), a positive impact of burrowing in prescribed fires (estimate = 1.46) but not wildfires, and a positive impact of average fire return interval for wildfires (estimate = 0.93) but not prescribed fires. If a species’ International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List assessment includes fire as a known or possible threat, the species was predicted to respond negatively to wildfire relative to prescribed fire (estimate = –2.84). These findings provide evidence of experts’ abilities to predict whether fire is a threat to a mammal species and the ability of managers to meet the needs of fire-threatened species through prescribed fire. Where empirical data are lacking, our methods provide a basis for predicting mammal responses to fire and thus can guide conservation actions or interventions in species or communities.     

高效液相色谱法测定玉米作物中苯并(a)芘

采用超声提取-高效液相色谱法测定玉米作物中苯并（a）芘,优化了试验条件。方法在0mg／L-100mg／L范围内线性良好,检出限为0．15mg／L,玉米样品测定的相对标准偏差为5．3％～10．0％,加标回收率〉86．9％。     

柴油发电机环境低频噪声影响防治初探

以设在民用住宅里的柴油发电机环境低频噪声对环境的影响为研究对象,就柴油发电机环境低频噪声对环境敏感点的影响进行监测,了解民用住宅里的柴油发电机环境噪声对环境的影响水平,参照我国的国家标准作环境影响评价,探讨民用住宅里的柴油发电机环境低频噪声对环境的污染防治对策.     

沈阳市室内公共场所苯并[a]芘污染特征及分析

选取沈阳市大型商场、超市、候车室、家具城等典型公共场所18处共66个采样点进行室内空气中苯并[a]芘(BaP)的监测和来源分析,发现大型商场室内空气中无BaP污染,而大型超市、家具城、候车室等公共场所室内空气BaP超标较严重;通过SPSS13.0进行相关性分析,发现各场所之间的污染不具有明显的同源性,有其各自特殊污染源;室内BaP主要来源于现场烹饪、吸烟、书籍印刷等原因,此外还受到采样时温度、湿度等条件的影响。     

Hope in a hopeless age: environmentalism’s crisis

In this short essay it is argued that recent criticisms portraying the activist environmental movement as overly pessimistic are valid and that the communication of this pessimism to the public at large has been largely counterproductive to the objectives of environmentalists. It is argued that, in contrast to historic assumptions of a ‘progress paradigm’ that epitomized the widely held optimism of the past, the shock tactics and pessimistic media campaigns employed by the activist environmental movement, and the media that capitalizes upon those campaigns, have contributed to the creation of a figurative hopeless age. The key characterization of the hopeless age is the widely held assumption that the future will be worse than the present and that the lives of future generations will be diminished relative to our own. It is argued that the creation of this social-psychological phenomenon is counterproductive to the aims of the environmental movement and that the restoration of a collective vision and message of hope would be far more productive. Lastly, some reasons for a hopeful outlook are suggested.

加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境空气中的苯并(a)芘

采用加速溶剂萃取一高效液相色谱法荧光检测器测定环境空气中的苯并（a）芘,以乙腈／水为流动相,检测器激发波长为290nm,发射波长为430nm。方法线性良好,检出限为0．08μg／L,当采样体积为1080m。时,最低检测质量浓度为3×10^-7μg／m^3（标准状态下）,实际样品加标回收率为87．2％～109％。与超声波萃取法相比,两种方法回收率相近,而加速溶剂萃取法乙腈用量更少。     

升钟湖水体叶绿素a动态特征及其影响因子分析

2011—2015年每月监测升钟湖湖区的4个代表性断面的水质指标,分析水体中叶绿素a时空分布特征、变化规律及影响水体水质状况的其他要素。结果表明:升钟湖的叶绿素a具有显著性的年际差异,表现为夏季高、冬季低且呈现逐年下降的变化趋势,总磷、总氮、氨氮、溶解氧、透明度监测指标同样表现为夏季高、冬季低的变化趋势,除溶解氧和透明度的监测指标逐年上升外,其他监测指标均逐年下降。构建了叶绿素a与总氮、总磷的多元回归方程模型,该模型可根据水体营养盐状态准确预测升钟湖叶绿素a的变化趋势。     

导数同步荧光法测定绿藻叶绿素a浓度

建立了绿藻中叶绿素a的导数同步荧光检测法。该方法快速、简便,不需要复杂的前处理。叶绿素a的线性范围为0.02～125μg/L,检出限为0.25μg/L,回收率为97.0%～103.8%。     

温度对现场荧光法测定水体中叶绿素a的影响

基于高温条件下叶绿素a易降解的性质,分别以纯品叶绿素a和活体藻为实验对象探讨了温度对荧光法测定叶绿素a的影响程度及影响机理。结果显示,温度升高会提高叶绿素a的降解率,在一定温度范围内叶绿素a的相对荧光强度与温度呈良好的负线性相关;首次计算导出了叶绿素a、斜生栅藻、蛋白核小球藻及铜绿微囊藻的温度系数分别为0.30%、1.09%、1.17%及1.14%;此外,验证了在现场测定中当环境温度为15~35℃时温度对水体叶绿素现场检测仪的影响甚微,测定结果在可接受范围内。     

基于STAMP模型的建筑事故致因因素定量分析方法研究

为揭示建筑安全事故致因因素间的相互关系从而对其进行有效预防和控制,探讨1种STAMP模型的定量分析方法,用于深入剖析事故致因因素间的逻辑关系和属性特征。基于STAMP系统事故理论模型,从建筑工程安全控制结构入手逐层定性分析事故的致因因素;引入灰色DEMATEL与ISM相结合的方法对系统事故间的复杂逻辑关系进行层级划分;运用MICMAC分析计算各致因因素的驱动力和依赖度数值并判断其属性类别。结果表明:提出的定量分析方法运用到江西丰城冷却塔坍塌事故中的分析结果与事故调查报告相契合,能较全面地说明各层次结构间的相互作用。