设备检修中的伤害特征与防范措施

针对设备检修中伤亡事故的多发问题,根据有关冶金企业伤亡事故统计情况,对设备检修中主要的危险危害因素及伤害特征进行了分析,在此基础上,就如何防止检修中的伤亡事故提出了防范措施。     

Chronological Dynamics of the Distribution of Wing Venation Anomalies in Intrapopulation Groups ofCalopteryx splendens Harr. Damselflies

Long-term dynamics of the numbers of complete (normal) veins, venation anomalies, and linear wing parameters were analyzed in male Calopteryx splendens Harr. damselflies from neighboring population groups. Correlation analysis showed that some anomalies may appear additionally to complete veins, whereas other anomalies are formed instead of them. The damselflies from the generations of even years proved to have significantly greater numbers of anomalies. A probable cause of this phenomenon was a sharp increase in the background radiation level in the summer of 1986, after the Chernobyl accident, which could lead to serious hereditary disturbances manifested in a series of generations. The results of the study show that the formation of wing venation anomalies in damselflies is a stochastic process, which is enhanced under the effect of both environmental and genetic stress. These anomalies may be regarded as markers characterizing the degree of stability of ontogenetic processes in the population, which essentially reflect specific genotypic traits of individual organisms. Analysis of wing venation anomalies appears to be a more precise instrument for assessing developmental stability than estimation of the levels of fluctuating asymmetry and general phenotypic variance.     

荆州市地表水沉积物中磷的形态分析

通过对荆州地区主要地表水沉积物中磷的形态分析,揭示了地表水沉积物中不同形态磷的分布特征。结果表明：地表水沉积物中磷主要有交换态磷（Ex—P）、铝磷（Al-P）、铁磷（Fe—P）、闭蓄态磷（Oe—P）、自生钙磷（ACa—P）、碎屑钙磷（De—P）、有机磷（Or—P）7种磷,其中以自生钙磷（ACa—P）、碎屑钙磷（De—P）和有机磷（Or—P）为主,约占总提取磷的95％。自然条件下,绝大部分湖泊的沉积物中95％以上的磷是以生物较难利用的形态存在的,活性磷所占比例较小,不足沉积物总磷的3％;沉积物中铝磷、铁磷、闭蓄态磷、自生钙磷的含量与总磷含量均没有明显相关性。各形态磷的含量分布与水体沉积物的释磷特点及其地球化学循环规律,并受沿岸污水排放及近岸养殖排污等人为活动的影响。     

土壤锌铁铜锰形态分布及其有效性

各土壤微量元素的形态分布特性有相似的规律，每个微量元素的各种形态都可以根据其对植物的有效性划分为两组．第一组形态分布百分率与植物有效性指数呈显著或极显著相关．第二组则呈显著或极显著负相关．因而第一组的形态为主要的有效养分源，第二组的形态很难为植物提供有效养分．减少相应元素转化成为第二组的形态和增加第一组各形态的储备容量是调节和控制土壤营养的重要措施．     

Calling characteristics of parasitized and unparasitized populations of the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus

Summary Examination of three populations of the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus revealed the presence of an acoustically-orienting parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea (Tachinidae), in the population of crickets that has been introduced to the Hawaiian Islands. The cricket is native to Australia and the Pacific, and the fly is native to North America but has also been introduced to Hawaii. Up to 27% of males and 7% of females in Hawaii were infested with fly larvae. Song structure in the parasitized Hawaiian population was distinct from that of the other two groups, with the Hawaiian crickets showing several reduced song parameters. In addition, onset and cessation of calling at dusk and dawn were more abrupt in the Hawaiian population. These results are consistent with selective pressure from the phonotactic flies to decrease risky calling. Silent males were present in all three populations, suggesting that these noncallers may not represent a unique adaptation to the parasitoid. Correspondence to: M. Zuk     

南岳珍稀濒危植物的调查研究

在南岳野生植物中,珍稀濒危植物主要是指国家级保护植物,共有13种,其中一级2种,二级11种,它们是金钱松Pseudolarix amabilis (Nelson) Rehd.,篦子三尖杉Cephalotaxus oliveri Mast.,南方红豆杉Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei (Lemeé et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu,榉树Zelkova Schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.,樟树Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl,闽楠Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang,伯乐树Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl,绒毛皂荚Gleditsia.japonica Miq.var. velutina L.C.Li,野大豆Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.,花榈木Ormosia henryi Prain,毛红椿Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) Roem.var.pubescens (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.,喜树Camptotheca acuminata Decne.,以及香果树等,本文主要介绍他们的分类位置、形态特征和地理分布状况,分析了它们的区系特征,提出应该尽快建立南岳国家级野生保护植物的核心或者优先保护地段、建立珍稀濒危植物的地理信息系统、研究其生物学和生态学特性以及采取就地或迁地保护措施来保存等对策.     

Bird song and parasites

Bird song is a typical sexual trait that may have evolved at least partly to reflect health and vigor. However, the role of pathogens in modulating acoustic communication systems in birds is still less than clear as studies testing the relationship between parasites and song have provided inconsistent results both within and among species. It is often neglected that avian song is complex trait consisting of numerous and variable features with potentially different biological backgrounds. By using meta-analytic approaches to the available intraspecific evidence I demonstrate that different roles are applicable to song traits with different signal design, which could explain, to some extent, the inconsistency of results. I found that condition-dependent, performance-related traits are more closely related to immediate health status, whereas condition-independent features are more likely to be associated with intrinsically determined parasite resistance. Hence, parasitism may mediate the evolution of different acoustic features. Considering the signal function of songs, a communication system depends on the reaction of the receivers, but little is known about how mate choice and male–male competition are affected by parasite-mediated song production. This review of the literature thus suggests that receivers of songs may benefit by responding to these acoustic signals of health through the acquisition of resistance genes, paternal care of superior assistance, success in territory disputes, and the avoidance of directly transmitted parasites.     

土地复垦投资

讨论了土地复垦投资内涵、特点、基本原则、基本运行过程、基本模式及国内外土地复垦投资现状及问题。     

江西省于都县银坑贵多金属矿田矿化特征、成矿控制及找矿方向

于都银坑贵多金属矿田有破碎岩蚀变型、层问破碎带型、岩体接触带型。硫锰矿型、铁锰帽型、黑土角砾型等六种矿化类型。主要控矿因素为地层、岩性、岩浆岩、构造和次火山岩体接触带构造四种。矿化带严格受破碎带控制，也受不同地层时代和岩浆热场的影响。矿带往往在主干断裂旁侧、多组裂隙交汇处及褶皱轴部横张裂隙发育部位定位；不同的地层时代有不同的有益元素组合，不同的岩性又对元素的富集成矿有特定的作用；岩浆岩的多期活动为矿床的形成提供了有利条件。本矿田成因类型属岩浆期后中低温热液充填交代矿床。通过矿床模式的建立，本区找矿方向的主要标志是：多组构造结点、特定的赋矿层位以及次火山构造周围。     

突发性环境污染事故的分类特征及处置措施——以保定市两起危及环境安全事故为例

环境污染事故具有时间上的突发性、形式不确定性、危害的严重性和处理处置的艰巨性.发生在河北省保定市境内的两起危及水环境安全的事故具有典型性和代表性.事故发生后通过采取一系列相应的应急措施,有效地控制了大规模的环境污染;如何防止和应对突发环境污染事故,维护环境安全,已成为环境保护工作的重大新课题.面对环境安全事故及跨流域、跨区域环境污染事故的频繁发生,应从排查污染隐患、建立完善的环境应急响应体系、加强环境应急基础设施建设等方面入手,减少事故的发生,减轻对环境的危害.