微直流电场对大肠杆菌生长代谢活性的作用

对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli,DH5α）培养液在连续培养时分别通入不同强度的直流电场,研究了其在持续直流电刺激下的生长曲线、pH曲线、ATP酶活性、胞内总蛋白含量、细胞膜通透性以及细菌微观形态变化.结果表明,适宜的直流电能够促进大肠杆菌增殖;大肠杆菌的ATP酶活在25 mA电流作用下在对数生长前期、对数...     

Satellite Observations of Lava Lake Activity at Nyiragongo Volvano, Ex-Zaire, during the Rwandan Refugee Crisis

In June 1994 the summit crater of Nyiragongo volcano, located in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, began to fill with new lava, ending nearly 12 years of quiescence. An earlier eruption of the volcano in 1977 had culminated in the catastrophic draining of a lava lake through fissures in the crater wall, feeding highly mobile lava flows which reached the outskirts of Goma and killed more than 70 people. By July 1994, as many as 20,000 Hutu refugees were arriving in Goma every hour, only 18km south from the summit of Nyiragongo. The exodus brought more than one million people to the camps near the town raising fears of a repeat of the 1977 eruption. This paper examines the role that satellite remote sensing could have played in surveillance of the volcano during this time, and demonstrates the potential for monitoring this and other volcanoes in the future. Images recorded by the spaceborne Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) – freely available over the Internet – provide semi-quantitative information on the activity of the volcano. The aim of this paper is to promote the wider use of readily available technologies.     

机动车辆火灾调查

近年来,机动车遍布全国各大城市,已成为移动的建筑,随之而来的机动车辆火灾事故频发,载客车辆因人员高度密集造成群死群伤;载货车辆因货物集中或运载危险品造成重大损失,并引发交通堵塞、环境污染等次生灾害。本文主要介绍了机动车火灾的现场勘验和调查,通过现场勘验确定起火点,调查询问收集和发现证据等方面对机动车辆火灾进行研究,从中发现起火原因的规律和特点,采取有针对性的措施,有效地遏制和减少此类火灾发生,达到预防机动车辆火灾的目的。     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from the seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (leguminosae)

Seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum were subjected to steam distillation to obtain a light yellow essential oil in a yield of 3 ml/kg of seeds. The major components of the oil were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and were furfural, limonene, linalool, estragole, carvone, and apiole with carvone representing more than 50% of the total composition. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oil were determined against four species of gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus) and two gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia Marcescencs). The essential oil inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria but was most effective against the gram positive bacteria. Chemicals that are responsible for the antibacterial effect of the essential oil were determined using the bio-autography thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. The active compounds responsible for the activity were found to be carvone and estragole.     

PCDFs的Ah受体结合能力的定量结构效应关系

应用单苯环氯取代方法取G₁～G₁₀10个分子结构描述符,通过正向逐步线性回归方法构建对于Ah受体结合能力的定量结构-性质相关(QSAR)模型.与有关文献相比,此模型能更好地预测多氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)竞争结合Ah受体logEC₅₀值,各自变量间不存在共线性.模型可以较好地反映PCDFs分子Ah受体结合能力与其分子氯取代位点之间的关系.     

三种垃圾填埋场单元模拟器对废物降解的对比试验

在最佳pH值、水分含量和反应温度下,比较了生物模拟器(CBL)和渗滤液回灌的模拟器(LRL)及传统卫生填埋场(CSL)的模拟器的沉降率、产气率和甲烷百分比、生化需氧量和化学需氧量等有机负荷、可生化降解性、重金属浓度和特定甲烷菌活度(SMA)的变化趋势.结合SMA的变化和产气峰值的时间,可以得出脂肪酸和糖类甲烷菌引起了第一次产气峰值,蛋白质和脂类甲烷菌催生了第二次产气峰值.CSL、LRL、CBL的沉降率分别为7.1%、43.3%和60.3%,产气率CBL最高可达1.26m³/d, LRL最高0.92m³/d, CSL则没有峰值,甲烷含量CBL稳定在73%,LRL稳定在51%,CSL含量很低且不稳定,SMA,有机负荷,有机负荷可生化降解性BOD/COD_Cr均为CBL表现最佳,可见生物处理效果上,生物反应器填埋场具有独特的优势和快速降解的作用.     

放牧对张家界索溪峪景区土壤微生物区系及活度的影响

为了探明旅游对张家界景区土壤微生物的影响,进行了放牧对土壤微生物区系及活度的影响研究。结果表明:放牧显著影响了0～5cm土壤的细菌、放线菌、真菌总数,活动区的细菌和真菌等主要有机质分解菌明显低于缓冲区和背景区,而背景区的放线菌明显高于缓冲区和活动区。在5～15、15～25cm土壤层中,细菌和放线菌总数没有受到放牧的影响,但背景区和缓冲区的真菌总数均显著高于活动区,活动区的细菌在5～15cm土壤中最多,而放线菌和真菌数量均表现为随土壤深度增加而减少的趋势。在缓冲区和背景区土壤中,3类微生物的数量均随土壤深度增加而减少。放牧也对表层土壤中的好气性纤维素分解菌、嫌气性纤维素分解菌、好气性固氮菌、硝化细菌以及反硝化细菌等微生物生理群造成了显著影响。土壤微生物活度随土壤深度增加而降低。在0～5和5～15cm²个土壤层中,缓冲区和活动区的微生物活度均明显高于背景区,而缓冲区的微生物活度与活动区的微生物活度没有显著性差异,微生物活度表现为活动区>缓冲区>背景区;在15～25cm土壤层中,活动区与缓冲区的微生物活度没有显著性差异,缓冲区与背景区的微生物活度没有显著性差异,但活动区的微生物活度明显高于背景区的微生物活度。     

人工快速渗滤池微生物活性的研究

基于微生物活性测定方法,研究了人工快速渗滤池中各层中微生物数量、酶活性、硝化作用、反硝化作用和呼吸作用强度.结果表明,好氧细菌在数量上占绝对优势;各种微生物大都呈现出从表层到底层数量逐渐减少的规律;0～20cm砂层的脲酶、脱氢酶和磷酸酶活性明显高于其他层;在快渗池内,氮转化以硝化作用为主,反硝化作用比较弱;渗滤池上部呼吸作用明显强于中下部,与微生物的分布呈正相关.     

Changes in enzymes activity, substrate utilization pattern and diversity of soil microbial communities under cadmium pollution

Heavy metal pollution has received increasing attention in recent years mainly because of the public awareness of environmental issues. In this study we have evaluated the effect of cadmium （Cd） on enzymes activity, substrate utilization pattern and diversity of microbial communities in soil spiked with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg Cd, during 60 d of incubation at 25℃. Enzyme activities determined at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 d after heavy metal application（DAA） showed marked declines for various Cd treatments, and up to 60 DAA, 100 mg/kg Cd resulted in 50.1%, 47.4%, and 39.8% decreases in soil urease, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities, respectively to control. At 60 DAA, substrate utilization pattern of soil microbial communities determined by inoculating Biolog ECO plates indicated that Cd addition had markedly inhibited the functional activity of soil microbial communities and multivariate analysis of sole carbon source utilization showed significantly different utilization patterns for 80 and 100 mg/kg Cd treatments. The structural diversity of soil microbial communities assessed by PCR-DGGE method at 60 DAA, illustrated that DGGE patterns in soil simplified with increasing Cd concentration, and clustering of DGGE profiles for various Cd treatments revealed that they had more than 50% difference with that of control.     

No difference in activity of Sod-1 genotypes of Poa annua to short-term treatment of ambient gaseous organic pollution

Our previous studies indicated that genotypes at locus Sod-1 of Poa annua changed clinally along a gradient of gaseous organic pollution. In the present study, we aimed to know whether there were differential responses of activities of different superoxide dismutase （SOD） genotypes to short-term treatment of ambient gaseous organic pollution. Significant bias from Hardy-Weinberg equibrium was observed on locus Sod-1, and no genotype Sod- l-BB was found. Significantly increased activities were observed in most treatments for genotype Sod-1-AA and in one treatment for genotype Sod-1-AB. However, no significant difference in SOD activities was found between the two genotypes. It was interpreted that fitness difference between the two genotypes was small and treatment duration was too short or extent of ambient organic pollution was too low to lead to differential responses. Other environmental factor effects on activities of superoxide dismutases can also explain the results.