水生植物对漓江流域水环境的影响

漓江水生植物能从水环境中吸收营养组分氮、磷,防止水环境富营养化;与水生藻类竞争,抑制其生长发育;还能与部分重金属络合,降低其环境毒性。对漓江的水环境有重要作用。     

两种不同填料的BAF工艺处理微污染河水的效果研究

随着经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,城市河道水体污染加剧,为环境带来压力,因此研究微污染水体的治理及恢复有着重要的意义。本实验以校园内河水为水源,选取2种合适的填料作为BAF工艺滤柱的填料来研究在自然条件下COD浓度为50～100mg／L,NH＋4-N浓度为6～10mg,／L微污染的校园河水的去除效果。结果表明,利用沸石作为填料去除COD、总氮和NH＋4-N的效果较陶粒相对更好;此外,本研究作为去除微污染研究的一部分,挂膜的顺利进行与另外一些外界因素有关系,如温度等。     

Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophication assessment for a typical arid river—Fuyang River in northern China

Based on water quality surveys over 2 years(July to December,in 2014 and 2015) in a typical arid river in northern China the Xingtai segment of the Fuyang River basin — the variation of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) was analyzed.The extent of water eutrophication of this segment was also assessed using a universal index formula for eutrophic evaluation and a logarithmic power function.The results showed that the average concentration of total N(TN) was 27.2 mg/L(NH_3-N,63.5%),total P(TP) was 2.0 mg/L(solution reactive phosphorus,68.8%).Temporal and spatial variations of N and P in this segment were observed.Concentrations of N and P in the arid season were higher than those in the rainy season.Spatially,the N and P concentrations followed the same trend;i.e.,higher in the city segment than in the suburbs,and decreasing along the river.The water eutrophication in the studied segment reached extremely high levels at all times(eutrophication index ≥76.3).Spatially,its trend was clearly linked with N and P.Water shortage,pollution accumulation and a weak self-purification function are the main reasons for the prominent eutrophication in this segment.     

金属材料在天然河水中的腐蚀电位研究

目的弄清金属材料在天然河水中的腐蚀电位变化规律,获得它们的腐蚀电位序。方法利用自行研制的多通道电位自动采集装置,测试金属材料在武汉长江水中的腐蚀电位。结果获得了24种金属材料在天然河水中的腐蚀电位-时间曲线及腐蚀电位序图谱。结论金属材料在天然河水中初期腐蚀电位变化较快,同种类金属腐蚀电位变化规律基本相同,不同种类的金属材料腐蚀电位变化规律不同;金属材料在天然河水中的稳定腐蚀电位从低到高大致为镁阳极、纯锌、铝合金、铸铁、碳钢、低合金钢、铜合金和不锈钢。     

韦伯-费希纳定律在区域生态环境质量评价中的应用

文章利用韦伯-费希纳定律建立区域生态环境评价的新模型,并通过实例研究了区域生态环境质量状况,即巢湖流域总体以及分区巢湖市、六安市的生态环境质量为Ⅵ级、分区合肥市为Ⅲ级。与未确知测度评价方法进行比较,取得了满意的结果,实例应用表明:该评价模型结构严谨,评价结果合理,为区域生态环境质量评价提供了一种简单而适用的评价方法。     

Calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement of an urban river system and its deployment: A case study in Beijing central region

The minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system and water deployment are key elements in integrated water resources planning and urban ecological construction. Based on a review of ecological water requirement calculation methods and considering the different ecological functions of an urban river system, the ecological function method was used in this paper to calculate the components of the ecological water requirements of an urban river. An envelope curve-based method was proposed for assessing the minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system. Water resources deployment strategies designed to meet the minimum ecological water requirements were described. Then, the minimum ecological water requirements of the urban river system in Beijing central region, selected as a case study, were investigated. The key parameters for assessing the minimum ecological water requirement in the Beijing urban river system were determined. Based on the ecological objectives and the current status of the different urban river systems within the Beijing central region, the minimum ecological water requirements were calculated. Different types of water sources, including rainwater, upstream water, and reclaimed water, were deployed to meet the ecological water requirements for the urban river system in the Beijing central region.     

城市污染河道沉积物碳氮赋存对有机质分解的影响

以城市污染河道沉积物为研究对象,探究城市河道沉积物碳氮赋存特征对有机质分解过程的影响.结果表明,沉积物有机质含量较高是城市河道的显著特征;有机质65%以上以胡敏素类的惰性腐殖质的形式存在;有机氮是氮素的主要赋存形态,约占总氮的57.5%~91.3%;氨氮主要赋存于活性组分中,而惰性有机组分抗分解能力明显高于其他组分;氨氮饱和吸附后的沉积物有机质去除量明显减少,最高达到50%,表明氨氮也是限制有机质分解的重要因素.     

处理微污染河水的人工湿地中磷的去除特征及吸附形态分布

通过在野外条件下构建两座潜流人工湿地,考察了湿地对微污染水体中磷的净化效果,以及湿地填料对4种主要形态磷的吸附特征.结果表明,湿地对总磷(TP)的平均去除率在30％左右,颗粒性总磷(STP)去除比例略高于溶解性总磷(DTP).两个湿地中TP的出水负荷随其进水负荷的升高线性增大,而磷的单位面积去除负荷与进水负荷呈对数关系,迸水负荷超过1000 g·m-2·d-1后,去除负荷没有发生明显变化.4种主要形态磷的吸附量关系表现为钙镁磷(Ca/Mg-P,12582和11052 mg)＞铁铝磷(Fe/Al-P,5312和5750 mg)＞弱吸附磷(Plabile-P,2054和1207 mg)＞腐殖质磷(Humic-P,-362和-136 mg).湿地3层填料对Humic-P和Plabile-P的吸附能力有限,且伴有解吸现象,而Ca/Mg-P和Fe/Al-P的吸附主要发生在卵石和碎砖层,碎石层对湿地中磷的去除贡献较低.栽种植物对湿地中填料对磷的吸附影响较小.     

Tidal river management in the south west Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh: Moving towards a transdisciplinary approach?

Due to both natural and anthropogenic forces, the south west part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra coastal area is facing diverse problems such as waterlogging, salinity, and loss of biodiversity. In order to address these challenges, local people have identified ‘tidal river management (TRM)’ as a comprehensive approach for sustainably managing this part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin. However, due to institutional limitations, mismanagement and social conflicts, application of the TRM approach is not straightforward. In order to identify existing implementation barriers and to effectively apply the TRM approach, a transdisciplinary approach is examined for its potential to inform the re-shaping of TRM governing values and actions. It is argued that a thorough application of a transdisciplinary framework is essential, supported by the active involvement of key agencies and local stakeholders. The proposed transdisciplinary framework can potentially be applied to TRM projects for solving waterlogging and associated problems in order to achieve greater sustainability of the area.     

小流域生态经济型水土保持综合治理研究

文中介绍了根据辽东山区生态环境和自然资源特点，以市场规律为指导，在水土保持生态环境建设中，将小流域水土流失防治与资源开发紧密结合起来，促进了流域生态经济同步发展的经验，进而探讨了小流域治理生态经济良性循环可持续发展有效途径