北方寒冷地区冻融期河岸缓冲区土地利用结构对河流水质的影响

以松花江哈尔滨段为研究区域,基于2014—2015年哈尔滨市6个国控水质监测断面逐月水质监测数据和2014年秋季ETM遥感数据,通过不同空间尺度和土地利用类型划分,利用冗余分析等方法研究土地利用结构在北方寒冷地区冻融期对河流水质的影响,结果表明:松花江流域哈尔滨段水质状况整体状况一般,氮污染比较严重,融水期COD与BOD_5高于冰封期,冰封期氮、磷含量高于融水期;冻融期河岸带100、200、500、900、1500 m缓冲区这5种尺度下,对河流水质指标影响最显著的土地利用方式为水域和建设用地,影响最大的空间尺度为100 m缓冲区,200 m缓冲区次之.其中建设用地和旱田与除DO以外的任何水质指标呈正相关,水域则与其呈负相关.融水期水质对土地利用结构的响应关系强于冰封期.在冰封期,水域对NH_3-N影响较大呈显著负相关,建设用地对TN影响较大呈显著正相关.在融水期,建设用地对COD影响较大呈显著正相关.在流域管理中,针对植被覆盖率低、建设用地占比高的流域应加强冻融期土地利用管控,合理开发建设用地.     

A multiple additive regression tree analysis of three exposure measures during Hurricane Katrina

This paper analyses structural and personal exposure to Hurricane Katrina. Structural exposure is measured by flood height and building damage; personal exposure is measured by the locations of 911 calls made during the response. Using these variables, this paper characterises the geography of exposure and also demonstrates the utility of a robust analytical approach in understanding health‐related challenges to disadvantaged populations during recovery. Analysis is conducted using a contemporary statistical approach, a multiple additive regression tree (MART), which displays considerable improvement over traditional regression analysis. By using MART, the percentage of improvement in R‐squares over standard multiple linear regression ranges from about 62 to more than 100 per cent. The most revealing finding is the modelled verification that African Americans experienced disproportionate exposure in both structural and personal contexts. Given the impact of exposure to health outcomes, this finding has implications for understanding the long‐term health challenges facing this population.     

Prediction of Musculoskeletal Discomfort in a Pick and Place Task (A pilot study)

A pilot study was conducted regarding the effects of working posture, handling frequency, and task duration on musculoskeletal discomfort. Participants rated their discomfort perceived while performing a repetitive task at 8 different combinations of manipulations. Pauses between the work periods lasted 15 min. Discomfort was rated according to Borg’s category-ratio scale CR-10 and postures were recorded by an optoelectronic movement registration system. From linear multiple regression analysis equations for predicting discomfort at various body regions were obtained. Coefficients of determination especially point to trunk inclination and handling frequency as major determinants of musculoskeletal discomfort.     

黄河水作循环水补充水在发电厂的应用

根据黄河水水质情况,具体讨论黄河水作为循环水补充水在实际应用中的一些问题,结合自己的现场经验,在循环水处理上阐述自己的观点,提出一些行之有效的措施,提高循环水的浓缩倍数,以达到经济、合理节水、保护环境的目的。     

城市生活垃圾的生物工程堆肥化利用

在建立节约型社会、发展循环经济时代,通过对城市生活垃圾3种处理方法的比较得出,以堆肥方式通过生物工程技术对城市生活垃圾进行科学合理处置,是达到城市生活垃圾无害化、资源化、减量化、规模化处理的最佳选择。     

灾害事件网络舆论监督多重性分析

5·12汶川地震发生后,网络媒介发挥了重要的舆论监督功能.其呈现出的多重性特点,在一定程度上改变了传统的社会舆论监督模式,成为传统媒体舆论监督的有力补充.本文分别从监督对象与内容、监督主体与方式、监督环节与效果三方面分析了其多重性的表现及其内在成因,并提出了相应的完善措施.     

复合微生物絮凝剂产生菌XL1的优化条件

从活性污泥中筛选出4株产微生物絮凝剂的菌株,将4株菌进行相互复合培养后,发现1号和2号菌株构建的复合菌群（XL1）所产MBF的絮凝率达到65．5％。优化XLI的培养条件及其所产MBF的絮凝条件后,发现XL1在培养温度为35℃、摇床转速为160rpm、培养基初始pH为8．0、菌液用量为15ml／L、种子液接种量为10ml／L、1％CaCl,溶液用量为40ml／L、高岭土悬浮液pH为4．5、静沉时间为12min等的条件下絮凝率可达到92．5％。16S rDNA测序鉴定1号菌属于沙雷菌属（Serratia）,2号菌属于芽孢杆菌菌属（Bacillus）。     

常温交联型水性硅丙树脂的研究

将无机纳米二氧化硅(粒径在5~12 nm),通过共价键镶嵌在有机硅丙烯酸树脂中,合成出来的复合树脂具有突出优异的性能。在复合树脂的制备过程中联合运用了微乳加工技术,核壳技术,多重交联技术,显著提高了水性树脂的各项性能。这项技术可广泛应用于各种要求的常温交联型水性涂料,从根本上解决目前水性涂料的技术难题,实现工业涂料的水性化,真正达到绿色环保型涂料的要求,应用前景十分广阔。在复合树脂的合成过程中,没有VOC的排放,属绿色产品,在环保方面具有重要意义。     

Effects of land use, climate, topography and soil properties on regional soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the Upstream Watershed of Miyun Reservoir, North China

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents as well as their relationships with site characteristics are of profound importance in assessing current regional, continental and global soil C and N stocks and potentials for C sequestration and N conservation to offset anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. This study investigated contents and distribution of SOC and TN under different land uses, and the quantitative relationships between SOC or TN and site characteristics in the Upstream Watershed of Miyun Reservoir, North China. Overall, both SOC and TN contents in natural secondary forests and grasslands were much higher than in plantations and croplands. Land use alone explained 37.2% and 38.4% of variations in SOC and TN contents, respectively. The optimal models for SOC and TN, achieved by multiple regression analysis combined with principal component analysis (PCA) to remove the multicollinearity among site variables, showed that elevation, slope, soil clay and water contents were the most significant factors controlling SOC and TN contents, jointly explaining 70.3% of SOC and 67.1% of TN contents variability. Only does additional 1.9% and 3% increase in the interpretations of SOC and TN contents variability respectively when land use was added to regressions, probably due to environment factors determine land use. Therefore, environmental variables were more important for SOC and TN variability than land use in the study area, and should be taken into consideration in properly evaluating effects of future land use changes on SOC and TN on a regional scale.     

微电解处理电镀含氰废水数学模型的建立

利用origin pro软件和1stOpt软件研究分析铁炭微电解法处理电镀含氰废水的实验数据建立工艺的数学模型。正交试验和单因素试验结果表明最优条件为进水pH值3.5,铁炭体积比2:1,水力停留时间(HRT)60 min,曝气60 min,总氰去除率达96.3%。根据4个变量与总氰去除率间的不同规律关系,运用origin pro软件对其分别进行单因素多项式拟合或S型曲线拟合,建立各自的数学模型,相关系数分别为0.969 9、0.984 6、0.994 8和0.995 8。利用1stOpt软件根据正交试验数据和单因素模型方程进行多元非线性拟合建立宏观数学模型,相关系数达到0.941 3。该模型的参数值比较结果与正交试验测得因素影响次序一致,计算出的模拟值与实验值吻合较好,表明该模型能够正确反应微电解法去除电镀含氰废水中总氰的效果,对后续研究和放大有积极意义。