传统活性污泥工艺的传质强化--均匀受限工艺的研究与应用

依据惯性效应理论进行污水好氧处理的强化传质试验及工程实践,对曝气池工艺动力学的基本理论进行深入研究.试验及工程应用表明,提高曝气均匀度和加强多相物系中微涡漩的离心惯性效应,可促进物相接触和相界面更替,为活性污泥(或生物膜)、有机底质与氧气进行生化反应提供良好动力条件,提高反应效率,缩短反应历程;试验工艺及实际工程中氧利用率最高可达48%以上;COD容积负荷8.1-9.0kgCOD/m3·d;较常规工艺可降低曝气池工艺一次性投资,节省运行能耗,出水水质稳定可靠.     

RESERVOIR RELEASES TO USES WITH DIFFERENT RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS1

ABSTRACT: Releases from a reservoir may be allocated to a number of uses, each of which may require a given volume of water at a different reliability. The paper provides a method that can be used to estimate the volume of water associated with a given reliability for each use of water when the proportion of releases allocated to each use is known. These results can be used to evaluate the meeting of specified objectives under a published release policy derived by stationary stochastic dynamic programming. The results can also be used to solve water allocation problems when the probability distribution of available water is known (or can be estimated) and water has multiple uses, each of which has different volume and reliability requirements.     

FLOOD FORECASTING FOR TUCURUI HYDROELECTRICAL PLANT,BRAZIL1

ABSTRACT: The construction of the Tucurui Hydroelectric Plant on the Tocantins River basin in Brazil requires flood forecasting for ensuring the safety of the cofferdam. The latter has been initially designed for a flood with a return frequency of one in 25 years. Lack of adequate forecasting facilities during the earlier stages of construction has resulted in significant damages and construction delays. Statistical forecasting models were developed by Projeto de Hidrologiay Climatologie da Amazonia (PHCA) for the purpose of preventing further damages at the site. These models are currently in use and are the subject of this paper. The application of these models during the 1980 flood season, when the highest flood on record occurred at the Tucurui site, proved of great assistance in preventing the flooding of the cofferdam. In conjunction with the development of these models a number of data collection platforms using data transmission through the GOES system were installed to provide automatically the data required for forecasting.     

复合硫酸铝控制滇池内源磷释放的有效性

在滇池福保湾重污染区域修建两个6m×6m围隔,向其中投加适量硫酸铝,利用原位钝化技术控制内源磷释放。通过采集柱状芯样,采用室内静态模拟沉积物PO43--P的释放,测定表层沉积物松散结合态磷含量。对照围隔表层沉积物中松散结合态磷含量(27.68~38.55mg/kg)约为硫酸铝处理围隔(11.09~13.85mg/kg)的3倍。结果表明,投加硫酸铝可有效抑制底泥中PO43--P的释放,显著降低表层底泥不稳态磷含量。     

应用藻类生长潜力试验的方法研究滇池藻类生长的控制因子

采用滇池不同湖区的湖水进行藻类生长潜力试验(AGP试验),研究了稳定环境下,氮、磷两种可控的水华诱导因素对滇池铜绿微囊藻生长潜力的影响.结果表明,滇池各个湖区藻类生长的主要控制因子并不一致,北部与西部湖区,磷是两湖区藻类生长的主要限制性营养物质;湖心与南部湖区,磷和氮都是蓝藻生长的主要控制因子,但它们单独作用都不能有效促进铜绿微囊藻的生长.实验N/P(质量比)在4～20之间,这一范围内N/P对滇池铜绿微囊藻生长没有显著影响.     

AutoCAD二次开发技术在声强分布计算与图形表达上的应用

应用AutoCAD二次开发技术,以AutoCAD作为程序的绘图环境,以Visual Basic.NET作为计算环境,针对线屏障和封闭屏障存在的声环境系统,开发了一套计算机程序,以实现声强分布计算和图形表达过程。采用对数加权的处理方法,计算多线屏障的影响;用"线段首尾连接"的方法来追踪等值点。     

福建省工业废气排放量的因子分析与灰色预测

随着工业化进程的不断加快,工业化带来了经济腾飞,同时也带来了环境问题。工业排放的废气量逐年上升,对大气环境质量构成巨大威胁。如何有效的管理工业废气的排放,首先就要求在未来短时间范围内对工业废气的排放量做出正确的预测。运用灰色关联度方法,定量分析了福建省工业废气排放量的影响因子。利用灰色系统理论建立了工业废气排放量的GM(1,1)模型,并与多元线性回归模型对比,证实该模型具有一定的可行性和使用性,为福建省工业废气的分析预测和治理提供依据。     

供电作业人身事故危害多元线性回归预测

为了定量评估电网作业和运行的风险,提出了一种基于5M因素分析法和多元线性回归的供电作业人身事故危害预测方法。借鉴安全行为学、安全心理学和事故致因理论,首先将供电作业中影响人身安全的因素分成5个大类,即人、设备、材料、方法和环境。然后分析所有因素间的相关性,将相关性较强的影响因素中对人身事故危害程度弱的一方剔除,并采用南方某电网公司人身伤亡事故数据为例进行分析,删除了两个人身安全影响因素:工器具配置和作业性质。继而,采用多元线性回归法建立供电作业人身事故危害值与各人身安全影响因素间的关系,对供电作业人身事故危害值进行预测。最后,以南方该电网公司2003~2013年发生的64起供电作业事故验证所提方法的有效性和准确性。     

基于人类可持续发展指数的中国1990—2010年人类-环境系统可持续性评价

中国经济的快速发展对人类-环境系统造成了巨大压力。如何全面地评估中国人类-环境系统可持续性已成为当前可持续性科学的一个研究热点。论文基于"人类可持续发展指数"在国家、区域和省三个尺度上系统评价了中国人类-环境系统1990—2010年的可持续性。研究结果表明,2010年中国人类-环境系统可持续性为中上水平,总体呈现东高西低的空间格局。1990—2010年中国人类-环境系统可持续性表现为增长趋势,中西部可持续性增长快于东部。经济和社会可持续性指标呈增加趋势,环境可持续性指标为下降趋势。可见,中国人类-环境系统可持续性的空间格局与动态变化均不协调,需进一步促进中西部社会经济发展及加强生态文明建设以实现社会、经济与环境可持续性的全面提高。     

The effect of landscape type and landscape elements on public visual preferences: ways to use knowledge in the context of landscape planning

This study deals with an assessment of the visual quality of landscapes, and specifically with the perception of selected elements in the landscape. The aim of the study was to find out how particular elements are perceived in various landscape types, whether this perception is affected by the landscape type in which the elements are placed, and to what extent the respondents’ characteristics affect the assessment. The study was carried out with a sample of respondents of various ages, educational levels and types of employment. The respondents came from Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The preferences of the respondents were determined using an online questionnaire, in which they rated landscape photographs on a 21 point rating scale with a range from ?10 to +10 points. Using generalised linear mixed effect models, it was found that the perception of an element is most affected by the landscape type, since the same element was assessed differently according to the landscape in which it was situated. The results confirmed that selected elements which do not disturb the harmony of the landscape are generally positively perceived, and the selected elements of a technical character are generally negatively perceived. Among the characteristics of the respondents, only gender and the respondent's current place of residence have an effect on their visual preferences.