Evaluation of suitable tiger habitat in Chandoli National Park,India, using spatial modelling of environmental variables

Application of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool has assumed an immense significance in habitat suitability modelling for various wildlife species and now a days these are widely used in conservation biology and wildlife management.     

Prenatal diagnosis of complete trisomy 19q

This communication presents the first case of complete trisomy 19q, prenatally detected by ultrasound investigation. Real-time high-resolution ultrasound examination was performed at 19 weeks of gestation. After termination of the pregnancy, autopsy investigation was done. GTG-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization m-(FISH) analysis, and FISH analysis with a 19q subtelomeric specific probe were used for identification of the fetal karyotype. Sonographic examination revealed an enlarged cisterna magna, cerebellar hypoplasia and aplasia of the inferior part of the vermis, combined and bilateral kidney malformations, significant nuchal fold, absence of fetal nasal bones, and intracardial calcifications. Autopsy confirmed ultrasound findings, but also revealed situs viscerum inversus of the lungs. Fetal karyotype was defined as: 46,XY,der(21)t(19;21)(q11;p13)mat. Our ultrasound and autopsy findings will certainly contribute to better knowledge of phenotype characterization of this rare chromosomal disorder. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

COMPUTER-AIDED PLANNING FOR MULTIPLE-PURPOSE RESERVOIR OPERATING POLICIES1

ABSTRACT: Computer-aided planning (CAP) for multiple-purpose reservoir operations involves use of state-of-the-art simulation and optimization methods, color graphic displays, and interactive computing interfaces. These technologies were integrated into a coherent system that has user-friendly interfaces to help the process of communicating reservoir system operations, solicit planning participant preferences and valuation judgments, and provide understandable feedback of system performance. The CAP system was imbedded in a comprehensive public involvement program that paralleled the reservoir operating policy modeling process, as part of multipurpose reservoir operations planning on the Great Plains Reservoirs in Colorado. Experience with the approach indicates the involved publics can quickly learn of reservoir system limitations and opportunities, and can indeed participate in the operations planning process.     

卫星伸展机构的图示评审技术应用

目的解决卫星伸展机构参数表现形式多样且不确定的问题。方法运用图示评审技术,构建MU-GERT网络模型,并将参数统一用广义灰数表征。考虑解析算法的复杂性,提出针对该网络模型的矩阵式表征方法,并设计出矩阵式求解算法,便于运用计算机编程进行准确快速的求解。结果用MU-GERT网络模型计算概率不确定时制作一个合格卫星伸展机构需要的时间,仿真模拟出制作出一个合格卫星伸展机构的期望与机会。结论为图示评审技术在卫星伸展机构研制中的应用提供了研究思路和经验借鉴。     

实施环境-水文-生态-经济协同管理战略,保护和修复长江湖泊群生态环境

长江中下游浅水湖泊群具有十分重要的生态服务功能。然而,该湖群正面临江湖阻隔和富营养化等严重威胁。近年来,湖泊生态环境的保护和修复越来越受到重视,但治理效果不甚明显。其根本原因是:对由流域诸多胁迫导致的湖泊问题缺乏系统全面的认识,导致头痛医头、脚痛医脚。为此,本文提出应对长江湖群实施环境-水文-生态-经济协同管理战略,即在湖泊及其流域实施环境工程以控制入湖污染,实施生态水文工程以恢复自然水文体制,实施生态修复工程以增强生物自净能力,制定水环境经济制度以建立湖泊保护修复的激励和约束机制,构建生态健康评价体系以实施适应性管理,前提是责任主体明确。     

THE EFFECTS OF RISK AND RELIABILITY ON OPTIMAL RESERVOIR DESIGN1

A chance-constrained linear programming model, which utilizes multiple linear decision rules and is useful for river basin planning, is used to evaluate the effects of risk and reliability on optimal reservoir design. Streamflow forecasts or predictions can be explicitly included in the linear program. The risk associated with the predictions is included in the model through the use of cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of streamflows which are conditioned on the predictions. A multiple-purpose reservoir on the Gunpowder River in Maryland is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the model. In order to provide the decision makers with complete and useful information, trade-off curves relating minimum reservoir capacity (a surrogate for dam costs), water supply and flood control targets, and the reliability of achieving the targets are developed. The trade-off curves may enhance the decision maker's ability to select the best dam capacity, considering technological and financial constraints as well as the trade-offs between targets, risks, and costs.     

PLANNING AND SELECTING MULTIOBJECTIVE PROJECTS BY GOAL PROGRAMMING1

ABSTRACT. A multiple goal planning approach is proposed as a solution to the public water resources project selection problem. The goal programming technique enables a comprehensive water resources model. The model considers both economic and environmental objectives and may be implemented with data which are available to project planners.     

Effects of Mine Drainage on Breakdown of Aspen Litter in Mountain Streams

Rates of aspen litter breakdown were measured at 40 sites in streams of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, U.S.A. The sites encompassed a range of effects of mine drainage, from pristine (no effects) to highly stressed. The pH, concentrations of dissolved zinc, and deposition rates of metal oxides (the three main stresses from mine drainage) were measured in each stream. Rates of litter breakdown were estimated from changes in mass of aspen leaves in litterbags. The biological communities associated with litter breakdown also were evaluated by measuring the biomass of shredding invertebrates in litterbags and the rate of microbial respiration on litter. Of the stresses from mine drainage, concentration of zinc and deposition rate of metal oxides were most closely related (negatively) to rate of litter breakdown. Biomass of shredding invertebrates was also negatively related to concentration of dissolved zinc and deposition of metal oxides. Microbial respiration was negatively related to deposition rate of metal oxides and positively related to concentration of nutrients. Both shredder biomass and microbial respiration were positively related to litter breakdown rate and, together, accounted for 79% of its variation. Recovery of litter breakdown in streams affected by mine drainage requires remediation that limits both dissolved and deposited metals.     

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE‐OBJECTIVE DECISION‐MAKING METHODS FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLANNING1

ABSTRACT: Making decisions for environmental management is a complex task due to the multiplicity and diversity of technological choices. Furthermore, the exploitation of natural resources and the preservation of the natural environment imply objectives that are often in conflict within a sustainable development paradigm. Managers and other decision makers require techniques to assist them in understanding strategic decision making. This paper illustrates the use of a multiple‐objective decision‐making methodology and an integrative geographical information system‐based decision‐making tool developed to help watershed councils prioritize and evaluate restoration activities at the watershed level. Both were developed through a multidisciplinary approach. The decision‐making tool is being applied in two watersheds of Oregon's Willamette River Basin. The results suggest that multiple‐objective methods can provide a valuable tool in analyzing complex watershed management issues.     

兖州矿区开采塌陷土地复垦与综合利用研究

兖州煤田地处村庄稠密、土地肥沃的鲁西南平原，是高潜水位矿区，“三下”压煤严重，厚煤层综放高强度开采，采煤塌陷对地表的破坏影响极大。塌陷地在雨季水深面广，一片汪洋；冬春季水浅面积小，土地荒芜。随着开采强度的进一步提高，土地塌陷将越来越严重，农民将逐渐失去赖以生存的土地，土地复垦已势在必行。本文针对兖州矿区的具体地质采矿条件提出了塌陷土地复垦与综合利用对策。