Evaluation of potential genotoxicity of five food dyes using the somatic mutation and recombination test

In this study, different concentrations of five food dyes (amaranth, patent blue, carminic acid, indigotine and erythrosine) have been evaluated for genotoxicity in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster. Standard cross was used in the experiment. Larvae including two linked recessive wing hair mutations were chronically fed at different concentrations of the test compounds in standard Drosophila Instant Medium. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae. Wings of the emerging adult flies were scored for the presence of spots of mutant cells which can result from either somatic mutation or somatic recombination. For the evaluation of genotoxic effects, the frequencies of spots per wing in the treated series were compared to the control group, which was distilled water. The present study shows that carminic acid and indigotine demonstrated negative results while erythrosine demonstrated inconclusive results. In addition 25 mg mL⁻¹ concentration of patent blue and 12.5, 25 and 50 mg mL⁻¹ concentrations of amaranth demonstrated positive results in the SMART.     

水力空化降解印染废水的初步研究

水力空化技术是一种新的废水处理技术。为探讨操作条件和几何参数等因素对降解的影响,利用多洞孔板水力空化装置对含有若丹明B染色剂的模拟印染废水进行降解试验研究。试验结果表明:水力空化对若丹明B确实有降解作用,处理系统中存在最佳的孔板几何参数和操作运行条件,并且若丹明B的降解速率随修正空化数的减少而增大。     

Mn/Ce复合催化剂湿式氧化降解高浓度吡虫啉农药废水的研究

通过共沉淀法制备了用于湿式氧化吡虫啉农药废水的Mn/Ce复合催化剂,利用BET比表面积测定和XRD对催化剂进行了表征,研究了焙烧温度对Mn/Ce催化剂活性及稳定性的影响,探讨了湿式催化氧化吡虫啉农药废水的适宜反应温度和氧分压.结果表明,Mn/Ce催化剂晶粒细小,晶粒尺寸小于15nm;适当降低焙烧温度,对减小催化剂晶粒、增加比表面积、提高活性有利,但会使金属溶出量增大、稳定性下降;提高反应温度,湿式催化氧化反应速率加快,而氧分压大于1.6MPa后,反应速率不受氧分压影响;使用该催化剂,在温度190℃、氧分压1.6MPa、进水pH为6.21的条件下经120min处理,COD去除率达93.1%;Mn/Ce复合催化剂对湿式氧化吡虫啉农药废水显示较好的活性和稳定性.     

锂离子电池组热失控蔓延热传递机制的影响研究

分析通风和电池组数量对电池组热失控发展蔓延热传递机制的影响.选择荷电状态(SOC)为100％的镍钴锰(NCM523)三元锂离子动力电池组作为研究对象,改变电池组底部外加热源的热流量和加热时间,利用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL,进行热滥用导致不同风速通风环境和不同电池数量电池组热失控过程的模拟.结果表明:随着风速不断增大...     

PROTECTING BEIJLNG'S MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY THROUGH WATERSHED MANAGEMEN AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT1

ABSTRACT: Watersheds above the Miyun reservoir, a principal source of surface water for Beijing, are designated to be managed for water production, but under the principle of multiple use. Because of the scarcity of arable land, these watersheds cannot be managed only for drinking water. Efforts are under way to reduce sediment delivery, improve the quality of water entering Miyun reservoir, and improve the welfare of watershed inhabitants. An economic appraisal of a watershed management project for the 3,298‐ha Shixia watershed above the Miyun reservoir, indicates a 24 percent economic rate of return on the investment made in the project. The net present value (NPV) of the project, calculated at a discount rate of 10 percent, is approximately US$3.49 million. Sensitivity analyses indicate that a doubling of labor costs lowers the NPV to US$2.07 million and a 10 percent decrease in benefits lowered the NPV to US$2.87. It is concluded that the implementation of conservation practices on the Shixia Demonstration Watershed represent an economically efficient use of resources.     

低压供电系统安全性评价与比较

以最常见的系统内部故障引发的间接电击和其他危险情况为着眼点,从接地(或接零)保护和自动断电两种最基本的间接电击防护措施、与供电系统自身结构有关的安全隐患与风险、安全管理要求4个方面综合评价和比较各种低压供电系统的安全性。得出TT系统比TN系统更安全这一有悖于我国当前主流认识的评价结果。据此评价结果推广TT系统限制TN系统的使用符合国际趋势。     

The role of microcredit in reducing women's vulnerabilities to multiple disasters

This article explores the relationship between microcredit and vulnerability reduction for women-headed households in'multiple disasters'. Here multiple disasters are understood as disasters that occur in one specific place and cause severe devastation. The case study covers the super-cyclone in 1999, floods in 2001 and 2003, and drought in 2002 in Orissa, India. The study entailed eight months fieldwork and interviews with several governmental and non-governmental officials and 12 women-headed households from different social castes. The findings suggest that microcredit is a useful tool to replace women's livelihood assets that have been lost in multiple disasters. But inefficient microcredit delivery can cause microdebts and exacerbate caste, class and gender inequalities. It is posited that microcredit delivery cannot achieve vulnerability reduction for women in multiple disasters unless it is complemented by effective financial services, integrated policy planning and disaster management between government, non-governmental organisations and the community.     

多源异构地震灾情分类与编码研究

震后地震灾情的快速获取是地震应急救援的关键,将多源异构灾情信息进行合理的分类与编码,对增强灾情信息的处理能力具有重要的意义。分析了不同地震灾情获取方法的现状与特点,介绍了几种新兴的灾情获取方法。分析了地震灾情的分类原则与方法,研究了多源异构地震灾情信息的分类体系。阐述了灾情信息的编码方法,提出了多源异构地震灾情的编码结构与编码存储。     

基于健康监测系统的大跨度多荷载悬索桥的疲劳与可靠度评估(英文)

在过去的几十年,世界各地建立了许多大跨度悬索桥。通常这些桥梁需承受多种动力荷载,尤其是一些处于多台风地区的公铁两用桥梁。为了保证这些大跨悬索钢桥在运营期内的安全和正常使用,有必要以一定的时间间隔进行桥梁的疲劳和可靠度评估。有鉴于此,许多大跨悬索桥都安装了健康监测系统,但是如何运用其进行准确的疲劳评估仍然是一个问题。本文通过结合计算机模拟技术和健康监测系统的测量数据,以香港青马大桥为例,分析了在多荷载作用下的大跨度悬索桥的疲劳和可靠度。同时,作为利用结构健康监测技术进行结构健康状态评估的这一重要研究方向的有益实践,该研究发展了一系列方法用于评估桥梁的疲劳,以及通过考虑存在于结构的物理模型和计算机模拟中的不确定性用以评估疲劳的可靠度。     

我国开展政策环评的必要性及其基本框架研究

政策环评对决策科学化和民主化具有重要意义，我国2014年修订的《环境保护法》也为开展政策环评提供了一定法律依据。然而，由于我国政治体制和决策模式与西方国家明显不同，政策环评不能照搬国外模式，必须基于自身国情探索中国模式。为此，本文对国际上比较有代表性的政策环评实践进行了总结，对我国开展政策环评的必要性进行了分析，并探讨了我国开展政策环评需要考虑的关键问题，包括政策环评的目的、对象、重点和程序等。具体而言，对于实施政策环评的目的，可表述为健全决策机制、促进环境公平和凝聚社会共识三个方面；对于评价对象，在广义上可包含目前环境影响评价法尚未覆盖的所有高层次决策，在狭义上可将政府部门制定的行政法规、规章和规范性文件等作为重点；对于评价重点，建议整合"以影响为核心"的战略环评和"以制度为核心"的战略环评两种类型的优点，兼顾影响评价和制度评价；对于评价程序，政策环评应基于完全理性决策模式，与政策过程充分融合，在不同阶段分别发挥不同作用。