赭曲霉43的甾醇成分研究

从赭曲霉43的菌丝体甲醇提取物中分离得到3个甾醇和1个腺苷，根据波谱数据，将它们鉴定为：5α，8α-表二氧-(20S，22E，24R)-麦角甾-6，22-二烯-3β-醇(1)、(20S，22E，24R)-麦角甾-7，22-二烯-3β，5α，6β-三醇(2)、(20S，22E，24R)-麦角甾-7，22-二烯-3β，5α，6β，9α-四醇(3)以及尿苷(4)，其中化合物3首次从曲霉属中分离得到．图2表1参16。     

Potential contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza to cadmium immobilisation in soil

The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) to immobilisation of Cd in substrate was studied in two experiments. In the first experiment, substrates prepared by cultivating tobacco, either non-mycorrhizal or inoculated with the AM fungus Glomus intraradices were enriched with a range of Cd concentrations, and Cd toxicity in the substrates was assessed using root growth tests with lettuce as a test plant. The tests revealed lower Cd toxicity in the mycorrhizal than in the non-mycorrhizal substrate, and the difference increased with increasing total Cd concentration in the substrates. In the second experiment, extraradical mycelium (ERM) of G. intraradices exposed in vivo to Cd was collected and analysed on Cd concentration. The ERM accumulated 10–20 times more Cd per unit of biomass than tobacco roots. While Cd concentrations were lower in the biomass of mycorrhizal plants than of non-mycorrhizal plants, Cd immobilisation by ERM did not affect the total Cd content in mycorrhizal tobacco.

It is concluded that mycorrhiza may decrease Cd toxicity to plants by enhancing Cd immobilisation in soil. The results therefore suggest a potential role of AM symbiosis in the phytostabilisation of contaminated soils, where high Cd availability inhibits plant growth.     

霉菌HM6的成球条件及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

霉菌因其菌丝体生长快、吸附能力强、固液分离效果好在处理重金属污染废水中受到普遍关注.通过对霉菌HM6培养条件的研究考查了培养条件对霉菌菌丝球产量、菌球特征及菌球吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明,该霉菌在液体查氏培养基,250 mL三角瓶装液量为100 mL,1%接种量(孢子悬液浓度106),pH=5,30℃,150 r/min摇床培养60～72 h时,可形成直径在2.0～2.5 mm范围内的菌丝球,球体白色光滑均匀,具有一定的机械强度,对Pb(Ⅱ)具有一定的吸附能力.培养条件的改变对菌球的特征、干湿比、产量影响较大,对菌球吸附性能的影响相对较小.碱处理可以增大菌丝球的干湿比,提高其机械强度,但并不能提高其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附能力.     

真菌和细菌对染料的吸附脱色及再生能力的研究

进行了真菌和细菌共培养对染料的吸附脱色和吸附脱色能力再生的研究。结果表明，青霉菌G－1首先对偶氮染料S－119、蒽醌染料艳紫KN－B（C．I．Reactive violet 22）水溶液中染料进行快速吸附去除，菌丝对同种染料的吸附速度随菌丝培养液中葡萄糖浓度的增加而加快，吸附染料的G－1菌丝在与细菌的共培养中完成对染料的脱色降解，脱色速度受培养液中葡萄和氮源浓度影响较大，从吸附速率和完全脱色时间综合评价，以葡萄糖浓度为5g/L、酒石酸铵为20mmol/L的培养基中培养的菌丝对染料的吸附脱色效果最好，吸附在菌丝上的艳紫KN－B脱色后菌丝吸附脱色能力得到再生，菌丝对100mg/L的艳紫KN－B染料水溶液可重复处理4次。青霉菌G－1对酸性染料废水处理3h，色度去除率为75．9％，吸附染料的菌丝在与细菌共培养中完成对染料的脱色，对试验所用染料废水，菌丝的处理能力获得1次再生。     

树舌灵芝菌丝体不皂化物GC—MS分析

在树舌灵芝菌丝体化学成分研究中,采用乙醚抽提法获取树舌灵芝菌丝体脂溶性物质,经皂化后使用气相色谱一质谱联用技术（CC—MS）进行分析,共鉴定出19种物质,所得到的丁羟甲苯、乙酰菲、5,6-二氢麦角甾醇对树舌灵芝菌丝体化学成分研究具有较高价值。     

毛木耳对铜的生物吸附影响因子研究

报道了高等真菌毛木耳Auricularia polytricha生物吸附Cu2 的试验研究,以摸清毛木耳菌丝体吸附Cu2 的理想条件。试验评价了影响吸附的溶液pH值,温度,振荡吸附时间,初始金属质量浓度和菌丝体生物质量分数。结果表明:pH值影响毛木耳的吸附能力随溶液中初始Cu2 质量浓度的不同而不同,在低Cu2 质量浓度(10mg·L-1),pH=6时,每克干质量的菌丝体对Cu2 的吸附值达到最大(1.4608mg);温度的影响没有规律,在20℃时吸附能力最强;吸收15min时,毛木耳每克干质量的菌丝体对Cu2 的吸附值为最高(1.379mg);随着溶液初始Cu2 质量浓度的增加,吸附率增加,但随菌丝体生物质量分数的增加吸附能力下降,当溶液Cu2 的质量浓度为60mg·L-1,下降最明显。毛木耳作为重金属的生物吸附剂有待进一步的深入研究。     

Cs and K in fruiting bodies of different fungal species collected in a single forest in southern Poland

Fruiting bodies of fungi belonging to more than 70 species were collected within a few thousand square meter area of one forest during 2006 and 2007. The soil profile was collected to check the cumulative deposition of ¹³⁷Cs, which was relatively high, equal to 64 ± 2 kBq/m² (calculated for October 2006). The majority of this activity was in the first 6 cm. Fruitbodies were analyzed for radiocesium and ⁴⁰K by means of gamma-spectrometry. The highest ¹³⁷Cs activity was 54.1 ± 0.7 kBq/kg (dry weight) for a sample of Lactarius helvus collected in 2006. The results for 2006 were higher than those for 2007. In a few cases the traces of short-lived (T_1/2 = 2.06 a) ¹³⁴Cs were still found in samples. The importance of mycorrhizal fungi for radiocesium accumulation is confirmed. The differences in activity among the species are discussed in relation to observations and predictions from previous studies, where the change in relative accumulation between fruiting bodies of different species was at least partially explained by the differences in the depth of the mycelium localization in a litter/soil system. It is concluded that in some cases, such as Boletus edulis and Xerocomus badius, this prediction is fulfilled and therefore this explanation confirmed.     

Production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor and its application in decolorization of dyestuffs: (Ⅰ) Production of laccase by batch and repeated-batch processes

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废菌渣高值化研究中细胞破壁工艺的比较

青霉素发酵生产的副产物—青霉菌丝体废渣中含有丰富的蛋白质,麦角固醇,几丁质等高值化物质,采用细胞壁破壁的方法进行分离提取,具有良好的发展前景,因此,选择一种高效的破壁方法有十分重要的现实意义。文章对青霉菌丝体废渣高值化的前期重要工艺—细胞壁破壁工艺进行了深入研究,分别比较了细胞壁破壁的三种不同方法:酸热法,碱热法和微波法,对影响反应的碱液浓度,料水比,温度和反应时间等条件进行研究,结果表明,在相同实验条件下,碱热法的破壁效果最好,该方法具有良好的工业化前景,并且通过正交试验验证,最终确定的青霉菌丝体废渣破壁条件为:碱液浓度为2%,料水比为1:2,温度为50℃,反应时间为0.5h。