海南省建筑业碳排放核算分析及预测研究

海南国际旅游岛建设促进了建筑业的发展,为了解海南建筑业碳排放情况,采用投入产出分析法对1993—2013年的海南建筑业碳排放进行了核算和分析,并在此基础上对2015—2020年的海南建筑业碳排放进行了预测。结果表明:在保持现有建筑技术条件下,海南建筑业碳排放距2020年国家40%的减排指标还有很大差距,最后结合海南实际情况对建筑业降低碳排放提出建议。     

Estimating baseline carbon emissions for the Eastern Panama Canal watershed

To participate in the potential market for carbon credits based on changes in the use and management of the land, one needs to identify opportunities and implement land-use based emissions reductions or sequestration projects. A key requirement of land-based carbon (C) projects is that any activity developed for generating C benefits must be additional to business-as-usual. A rule-based model was developed and used that estimates changes in land-use and subsequent carbon emissions over the next twenty years using the Eastern Panama Canal Watershed (EPCW) as a case study. These projections of changes in C stocks serve as a baseline to identify where opportunities exist for implementing projects to generate potential C credits and to position Panama to be able to participate in the emerging C market by developing a baseline under scenarios of business-as-usual and new-road development. The projections show that the highest percent change in land use for the new-road scenario compared to the business-as-usual scenario is for urban areas, and the greatest cause of C emission is from deforestation. Thus, the most effective way to reduce C emissions to the atmosphere in the EPCW is by reducing deforestation. In addition to affecting C emissions, reducing deforestation would also protect the soil and water resources of the EPCW. Yet, under the current framework of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), only credits arising from reforestation are allowed, which after 20 years of plantation establishment are not enough to offset the C emissions from the ongoing, albeit small, rate of deforestation in the EPCW. The study demonstrates the value of spatial regional projections of changes in land cover and C stocks: The approach helps a country identify its potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emission liabilities into the future and provides opportunity for the country to plan alternative development pathways. It could be used by potential project developers to identify which types of projects will generate the largest C benefits and provide the needed baseline against which a project is then evaluated. Spatial baselines, such as those presented here, can be used by governments to help identify development goals. The development of such a baseline, and its expansion to other vulnerable areas, well positions Panama to respond to the future market demand for C offsets. It is useful to compare the projected change in land cover under the business-as-usual scenario to the goals set by Law 21 for the year 2020. Suggested next steps for analysis includeusing the modeling approach to exploreland-use, C dynamics and management ofsecondary forests and plantations, soilC gains or losses, sources ofvariability in the land use and Cstock projections, and other ecologicalimplications and feedbacks resulting fromprojected changes in land cover.     

Tertiary metallogenesis in the Eastern Alps: the Waldenstein hematite deposit (Austria)

The specularite deposit at Waldenstein is an epigenetic replacement/vein-type hematite mineralization with distinct alteration zones. It is situated in highly metamorphosed schists and, gneisses of the Koralm Crystalline Complex. Sericitization and chloritization are strictly bound to this alteration and occur within a few meters of the hematite veins. Radiometric dating of the sericitization and the implicity of the mineralization yield a Middle Eocene age. Petrographic evidence proves an early, relatively reduced paragenesis (magnetite, ilmenite) being partly replaced by hematite and chlorite during the main phase of ore formation. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope investigations indicate that formation temperatures were approximately 300°C during the main stage and decreased to 200°C in the latest stage of the hydrothermal event. The H-isotope compositions of chlorites and of fluid inclusions in quartz indicate the influence of seawater. This also explains the high salinities determined by fluid inclusion studies (20–30% NaCl equiv.). According to the genetic model presented in this paper the hydrothermal activity started when the deformation accompanying the uplift of the Koralm Crystalline Complex passed from a ductile to brittle regime (Middle Eocene). The brittle faults acted as channelways for rising, deep fluids, probably of metamorphic origin. Temperature differences between the different uplifting crustal segments supported fluid circulation. Precipitation of the ore occurred at shallow crustal levels where the hydraulic regime was dominated by seawater, and oxidation of the original reducing fluids took place.     

"南泰27"火灾事故分析及有关问题的探讨

通过对“南泰27”轮载运集装箱危险货物发生火灾事故的调查处理和事故分析,提出了加强管理的对策和处置此类事故中应注意的问题。     

喀斯特峡谷石漠化地区生态重建模式及其效应

贵州碳酸岩盐出露面积达12万多km^2，占全省国土总面积的73％，是我国喀斯特地貌最发育的省份；山多坡陡，人地矛盾尖锐，生态环境极为脆弱，水土流失和石漠化问题突出，是我国石漠化面积最大、危害最严重的省份。石漠化地区缺水少土，属于造林困难地带和生态治理的重点地区。文章以喀斯特石漠化发育典型的花江大峡谷右岸的贞丰县兴北镇顶坛片区为例，在阐述顶坛片区的自然环境条件及石漠化现状的基础上，详细分析了目前正在实施的几种石漠化生态治理模式，对这几种模式的效益进行了对比研究，指出了它们的优点与存在问题，并提出了相应的对策建议。     

染料废水生物降解的产物分析

介绍了含酸性蒽醌蓝324染料废水在兼氧-好氧系统中的生物转化.产物分析结果表明:80.5%的母体染料大分子能在兼氧条件下降解成较为简单的中间产物,并且这些中间产物能在好氧条件下进一步矿化.对各反应器中主要的代谢产物分别进行紫外-可见、红外(FT-IR)和高效液相色-质联谱仪(HPLC-MS)检测分析后发现,母体染料经兼氧水解首先生成1-氨基-2-羟基蒽醌以及还原态的-OH基取代蒽醌隐色体,进一步水解生成3,4-二羟基苯甲酸.再经好氧处理,降解终产物中检测到了质荷比为101、102的脂肪类碳氢化合物、胺及醇等物质,未见有共轭结构存在.     

Distribution normality of pH and H<Superscript>+</Superscript> activity in soil

Soil pH, a log-transformed form of hydrogen ion (H⁺) activity, is often used for various statistics. However whether soil pH meets the requirement of distribution normality for statistical analyses is unknown. We studied the statistical suitability of both soil pH and H⁺ activity by examining their distribution normalities. Results show that the variability of H⁺ activity is higher and its distribution is skewer, which is significantly different from the normal and soil pH, regardless of soil conditions and analytical methods. Here we demonstrate that soil pH is more appropriate than the H⁺ activity for performing statistical analysis in terms of distribution normality.     

赣州高级技工学校滑坡成因分析及稳定性评价

本文从地形地貌、岩性、降水等方面综合分析了赣州高级技工学校滑坡的成因,并通过定量计算,分析了滑坡在天然及饱和状态下的稳定性,提出了滑坡的治理方案。     

The role of tryptophan in don‐induced feed rejection

Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) commonly produced by Fusarium fungi can alter feeding behaviour of pigs and other farm animals. The effects of dietary tryptophan (TRP, precursor of brain amine serotonin) in combination with DON were examined in mice to determine if TRP can modulate DON toxicity. Results indicated that brain TRP can be influenced by dietary TRP, but no evidence of TRP potentiating DON toxicity was observed. Higher TRP levels likely induced amino acid imbalance leading to weight gain suppression.     

引黄灌区不同尺度农田土壤重金属空间分布及污染评价：以银川市兴庆区为例

确定农田土壤重金属分布及其污染状况,对于评价农业生态环境质量、保障食品安全和人类健康都具有重要作用.以宁夏引黄灌区农田土壤为研究对象,在10 m(L尺度)和1 m(M尺度)两种尺度上网格取样,共取耕层土样(0~20 cm)223个,利用经典统计和地统计相结合的方法对土壤铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)的空间变异性进行研究,并利用单因子指数(Pi)和内梅罗综合指数(P综)评价土壤重金属的污染程度.结果表明,两种尺度下,Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb均属中等变异性,其变异系数(CV)顺序为:Cd>Pb>Cr>Zn>Cu.地统计分析表明,L尺度下Cd和M尺度下Pb块金系数为100%,表现为纯块金效应,主要受随机因素影响,具较弱的空间相关性.其它重金属元素在两种尺度下块金系数均小于25%,说明主要受结构性因素的影响,具有强烈的空间相关性.结合Pi和P综值可知,两种尺度下除了Cu外,其它4种重金属元素出现轻度污染的样点数较多,表明研究区已出现重金属富集的趋势.