基于改进YOLOv8n的飞机铆钉及脱落异常检测算法

为解决飞机铆钉小目标检测时易出现漏检的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv8n的飞机铆钉及脱落异常检测算法。首先,通过添加小目标检测层,更好地融合骨干网络中的浅层细节信息,提高算法的特征融合能力以及对铆钉小目标的识别与定位性能;其次,将骨干网络中的前2次卷积替换为空间深度转换卷积(SPD-Conv),通过特征图的重组与非跨步卷积的组合,减少算法在下采样过程中的信息丢失;然后,将大型可分离核注意力(LSKA)融入快速空间金字塔池化(SPPF)模块中,通过计算每个特征图上的空间权重和通道权重,捕捉空间与通道之间的依赖关系,并调整特征图,增强算法对铆钉特征信息的提取和识别能力;最后,基于自建的飞机铆钉数据集进行消融试验和对比试验。结果表明:所提算法能实时检测飞机铆钉及脱落异常,较YOLOv8n算法检测结果在精确率、召回率、平均精度均值(mAP)分别提升6.5%、16%、15%,较其他主流算法的检测性能均有较大提升。     

Connectivity Planning to Address Climate Change

As the climate changes, human land use may impede species from tracking areas with suitable climates. Maintaining connectivity between areas of different temperatures could allow organisms to move along temperature gradients and allow species to continue to occupy the same temperature space as the climate warms. We used a coarse‐filter approach to identify broad corridors for movement between areas where human influence is low while simultaneously routing the corridors along present‐day spatial gradients of temperature. We modified a cost–distance algorithm to model these corridors and tested the model with data on current land‐use and climate patterns in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The resulting maps identified a network of patches and corridors across which species may move as climates change. The corridors are likely to be robust to uncertainty in the magnitude and direction of future climate change because they are derived from gradients and land‐use patterns. The assumptions we applied in our model simplified the stability of temperature gradients and species responses to climate change and land use, but the model is flexible enough to be tailored to specific regions by incorporating other climate variables or movement costs. When used at appropriate resolutions, our approach may be of value to local, regional, and continental conservation initiatives seeking to promote species movements in a changing climate. Planificación de Conectividad para Atender el Cambio Climático     

Wrestling with the complexity of evaluation for organizations at the boundary of science,policy, and practice

Boundary organizations are situated between science, policy, and practice and have a goal of supporting communication and collaboration among these sectors. They have been promoted as a way to improve the effectiveness of conservation efforts by building stronger relationships between scientists, policy makers, industry, and practitioners (Cook et al. 2013). Although their promise has been discussed in theory, the work of and expectations for boundary organizations are less defined in practice. Biodiversity conservation is characterized by complexity, uncertainty, dissent, and tight budgets, so boundary organizations face the challenging task of demonstrating their value to diverse stakeholders. We examined the challenges boundary organizations face when seeking to evaluate their work and thus aimed to encourage more productive conversations about evaluation of boundary organizations and their projects. Although no off‐the‐shelf solution is available for a given boundary organization, we identified 4 principles that will support effective evaluation for boundary organizations: engage diverse stakeholders, support learning and reflection, assess contribution to change, and align evaluation with assumption and values.