溴邻苯三酚红-交流示波极谱法测定天然水中铝形态

1　IntroductionDeterminationofthealuminumspeciationisoneofthemostsignificanttasksofenvironmentalanalyticalresearchatpresent.Therefore ,developmentofthepowerfulanalyticalmethodstargetingatdirectdetermininginorganicmonomericAliandtotalmonomericAlawillbeveryimportant[1 ].ThemostwidelyusedschemeforthefractionationofAlinnaturalwatersampleswasproposedbyDriscoll[2 ]whichemployed 8 oxine MIBKextractioncoupledwithGF AAS .Howevertherearestillsomedrawbacksinpracticalanalysisusingthemethod :(1) 8 ox…     

Ultrastructural and chemical characterization of egg surface of honeybee worker and queen-laid eggs

Summary. Worker policing in honeybees predicts the evolution of a mechanism to discriminate between queenand worker-born eggs. Although it has been postulated that this discrimination is based on an egg recognition pheromone, neither the chemistry nor the glandular source were elucidated. To verify whether egg discrimination might be based on structural differences, we compared the ultrastructure surface of queen-laid diploid and haploid eggs to that of worker-laid eggs using SEM. Only small differences between the different types of eggs were found. Thus, at least based on the fine structure of the egg surface, queen eggs are indistinguishable from worker-laid eggs.To explore the chemosensory hypothesis for egg discrimination, we conducted a detailed comparative chemical analysis of the different egg types. The coating of all egg types was dominated by linear alkanes, but queen eggs, diploid and haploid, differed from those of workers on two accounts: 1. The diversity of compounds found on queenlaid eggs was much greater than found on worker-laid eggs, mainly due to the number of hydrocarbons. 2. Acetates of some fatty alcohols, alkenes and especially monomethylalkanes were characteristic to queen eggs. The origin of the two latter substances and the acetates is still unknown. Whether these compounds constitute the signal that enables police workers to discriminate between queen- and workerborn eggs remains to be investigated.     

饮用水中苯并（a）芘的毛细管气相色谱分析

本文叙述了应用毛细管气相色谱测定饮用水中苯并（ａ）芘含量的方法，二氯甲烷用做提取剂，萃取１Ｌ水样，提取液在微沸状态下蒸干并定容，以不分流方式注入色谱仪进样口，样品在５０Ｍ张的ＳＥ－５４毛细管色谱柱上分离，氢火焰离子化检测器检测后，进行定性定量分析，方法的检测下限达２．５ｎｇ／ｌ，不仅能满足生活饮用水，也可满足天然饮用矿泉水，湖水，河水等水体中苯并（ａ）芘的检测。     

形率法测算单株立木材积公式选用

单株立木求积,是林业科研和生产的重要内容.本文通过对临武县杉木人工林分590株标准木进行测算研究,发现不同的立木求积式其求积精度有明显差异,由此优选出精度高简便实用的测算公式.     

污灌--城市污水资源化的有效途径

以徐州市为例，论述了在干旱缺水而经济又欠发达地区，可在做好污染源治理及完善城市基础设施的基础上，合理地将城市污水用于发展农、林业，即有效地利用了水资源，又将产生相应的经济效益；不仅有效地保护了地表水环境，而且为污水处理后的去向寻找了新的出路，可谓一举多得。     

污水处理工程的防腐初探

污水处理工程在运行中经常受到气、液相腐蚀介质的破坏,严重地影响其使用功能和结构安全。该文从理论上介绍了钢筋混凝土构筑物及设备在各种条件下的腐蚀现象和防腐机理,提出了防腐应从设计到施工进行综合防治的想法,并通过工程实例加以说明。     

Proposed mechanism for bacterial metabolism of polyacrylate

A possible aerobic degradative pathway for polyacrylate was examined with trimer (1,3,5-pentane tricarboxylic acid; PTCA)-utilizing bacteria. A few metabolic products from PTCA accumulated in culture filtrates and reaction mixtures of washed cells. Fraction A was detected as a main metabolite by high-performance liquid chromatography. A small amount of fraction B was concomitant with fraction A. Another fraction, C, was also detected. These compounds were suggested by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses to be 1,3,5-(1- or 2-pentene)tricarboxylic acid (fraction A or B) and 1,3,5-(2-oxopentane)tricarboxylic acid (fraction C). Fraction A was quickly further metabolized by washed cells, but fraction B was only gradually degraded. From these results, the metabolic pathway for polyacrylate is suggested to be quite similar to-oxidation for saturated fatty acids. The degradation of PTCA by washed cells was slower than that by growing cells and was inhibited by 5 mM NaN₃. This suggests that the metabolism is linked to a respiratory chain or energy-producing system of bacteria which can aerobically assimilate PTCA.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Second National Meeting, August 19–21, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.     

蘑菇湖水库浮游植物与富营养化关系初探

根据在蘑菇湖一个水文年度进行的7次调查结果,研究了蘑菇湖浮游植物群落生态学的主要变化(包括数量、种类组成、优势种类、季节变化、多样性指数和初级生产力),年平均总数为1138万个/升,年数量变动曲线为夏季的一个蓝藻高峰,而且数量大,延续时间长,冬季以蓝藻和绿藻占优势,夏季转为以蓝藻、硅藻占优势。结果表明,蘑菇湖的富营养化现象在调查的14个月中都存在。     

El Niño‐Southern Oscillation,rainfall variability and sustainable agricultural development in the Ho Municipality,Ghana

El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which occurs in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, has been identified to have significant influence on rainfall variability throughout the world, especially in the tropics. Such variability in rainfall has implications for agrarian economies, such as that in Ghana. This study therefore sought to demonstrate the effect of ENSO‐induced variability in annual and seasonal rainfall on the development of sustainable agriculture in the Ho Municipality of Ghana. Using 61 years of monthly rainfall data (1955–2015) for the Ho Municipality and ENSO indices, this study showed that 15% of the variability in total annual rainfall is explained by the ENSO phenomena. Mean annual rainfall and rainfall in the major rainy season decreased for El Niño years, in addition to a more variable rainfall compared to that received in La Niña years. The major growing season was observed to be longer in La Niña years and shorter in El Niño years. This means that the potential for crop cultivation will be severely hampered in an El Niño year. Farmers within the municipality are therefore encouraged to harness other complementary water sources for farming activities and also employ water management strategies during El Niño years.     

Anthropogenic areas as incidental substitutes for original habitat

One speaks of ecological substitutes when an introduced species performs, to some extent, the ecosystem function of an extirpated native species. We suggest that a similar case exists for habitats. Species evolve within ecosystems, but habitats can be destroyed or modified by natural and human‐made causes. Sometimes habitat alteration forces animals to move to or remain in a suboptimal habitat type. In that case, the habitat is considered a refuge, and the species is called a refugee. Typically refugee species have lower population growth rates than in their original habitats. Human action may lead to the unintended generation of artificial or semiartificial habitat types that functionally resemble the essential features of the original habitat and thus allow a population growth rate of the same magnitude or higher than in the original habitat. We call such areas substitution habitats and define them as human‐made habitats within the focal species range that by chance are partial substitutes for the species’ original habitat. We call species occupying a substitution habitat adopted species. These are 2 new terms in conservation biology. Examples of substitution habitats are dams for European otters, wheat and rice fields for many steppeland and aquatic birds, and urban areas for storks, falcons, and swifts. Although substitution habitats can bring about increased resilience against the agents of global change, the conservation of original habitat types remains a conservation priority.