某冶炼厂周边土壤碳组分与铜形态的相关性

研究了浙江某冶炼污染区农田土壤有机碳组分与铜(Cu)形态的相关关系.结果表明,研究区土壤Cu形态含量为铁锰氧化物结合态残渣态碳酸盐结合态有机质结合态可交换态,其中铁锰氧化物结合态Cu和残渣态Cu含量分别占全量的39.55%和39.19%.土壤p H值和碳组分对不同形态Cu含量存在一定程度的影响,其中p H值与碳酸盐结合态Cu和铁锰氧化物结合态Cu均呈显著正相关;溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量与可交换态Cu呈极显著正相关;富里酸(FA)含量与可交换态Cu呈极显著正相关,与有机结合态Cu呈显著正相关;胡敏酸(HA)含量分别与可交换态Cu和有机结合态Cu呈极显著正相关.土壤DOC、FA、HA的动态变化对这些在移动性上存在差异的Cu形态间的相互转化会带来一定程度的影响,从而改变土壤Cu的迁移能力和生物有效性.     

Nature of the action of a compost from olive mill wastewater on Cu sorption by soils

The reaction of two soils that have received composted OMW as manure with Cu solutions is studied. The data were fitted into a multi‐reaction model which considers both reversible and irreversible adsorption sites, and an ‘instantaneous’ fraction. The presence of composted OMW caused a strong increase in the distribution coefficient describing the instantaneous fraction, and the disappearance of the irreversible fraction. This behaviour was attributed to blocking of some sorbing surfaces by the organics, and to new surfaces present in the compost. These effects can have some environmental significance from the viewpoint of Cu mobility.     

小麦生长周期中土壤Cu的迁移转化实验研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤Cu添加浓度下,在小麦生长不同时期,小麦根区土壤与非根区土壤中总量Cu和有效态Cu的浓度,以此揭示其迁移转化特征。研究发现:小麦生长可以对土壤中的Cu进行吸收,拔节期小麦吸收能力最强;Cu添加有利于小麦对土壤中Cu的吸收,在试验水平下,添加浓度越高促进作用越明显,在200 mg/kg Cu添加浓度下,成熟期土壤中Cu含量较幼苗期减少了79%;小麦生长使土壤中有效态Cu占总量Cu的比重增加,并且使非根区土壤中Cu向根区土壤迁移。     

纳米零价铁及其双金属体系对菲的降解研究

以实验室合成的纳米零价铁(n ZVI)及其双金属(n ZVI/Cu和n ZVI/Ni)为反应材料,对菲(Phenanthrene)的去除进行研究.表征结果表明:纳米颗粒平均粒径均为80~100 nm,主要以α-Fe0的形式存在.批实验结果表明,5 g·L-1的n ZVI,n ZVI/Cu和n ZVI/Ni对菲溶液均有去除效果,其去除效率依次为n ZVI/Nin ZVI/Cun ZVI.溶液初始p H为7.5时,5 g·L-1的n ZVI/Ni去除88%0.5 mg·L-1的菲只需3 h,而n ZVI/Cu和n ZVI分别需要29 h和40 h.3种纳米铁对菲的去除率均随着n ZVI投加量的增加而升高,随着菲溶液初始浓度的增加而降低.反应温度的升高可提高n ZVI/Ni对菲的去除效率,高温时(≥30℃)菲的降解遵循一级反应动力学模型.p H对反应影响不大.GC-MS结果表明,n ZVI/Ni降解菲溶液主要为催化加氢反应,而n ZVI/Cu和n ZVI对菲溶液的去除主要为吸附作用.     

铜在壳核结构磁性颗粒上的吸附:效能与表面性质的关系

为了揭示吸附剂的吸附效能与其组成、结构及表面性质之间的关系,本研究对两种壳核结构磁性颗粒Fe_3O_4/Mn O2与Fe-Mn/Mn O2的形貌特征、表面性质进行了系统表征,并对铜在磁性颗粒表面的吸附行为与机制进行了详细研究.表征结果表明磁核Fe_3O_4与Fe-Mn具有相似的尖晶石类晶体结构,包覆Mn O2后,晶体结构均未发生明显变化.但Mn的引入,增强了磁核与外壳间的结合作用,Fe-Mn比Fe_3O_4包覆MnO_2的量更多、更均匀,进而使Fe-Mn/Mn O2具有更高的比表面积与更低的等电点.吸附实验结果表明,Fe-Mn的最大铜吸附容量33.7 mg·g-1(pH 5.5)高于Fe_3O_4的17.5 mg·g-1(pH 5.5);包覆MnO_2以后,铜吸附性能显著增强,Fe-Mn/MnO_2最大铜吸附容量升高至58.2 mg·g-1(p H 5.5),为Fe_3O_4/MnO_2的2.6倍,且优于多数文献报道的磁性吸附剂.机制研究表明铜在Fe_3O_4/Mn O2与Fe-Mn/MnO_2的表面发生了特性吸附,形成了内层表面络合物.综上所述,磁性颗粒的吸附效能与其组成成分、形貌结构及表面性质之间具有显著的相关性.     

A pilot study on the effect of Cu,Zn, and Cd on the spectral curves and chlorophyll of wheat canopy at tiller stage

The aim of this study was to investigate canopy spectral reflectance responses to different levels of heavy metals copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) induced stress. Random blocks design experiment was conducted to simulate Cu, Zn, and Cd at five concentration levels. Chlorophyll and visible and near infrared canopy reflectance were measured for each treatment 56 days after seeding using chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 and spectroradiometer, respectively. New vegetative indices termed ratio of inclination angles (RIA), MERIS (the medium resolution imaging spectrometer) terrestrial chlorophyll index (MTCI), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used to assess the response of canopy spectral reflectance to different heavy metal levels. Significant spectral variability especially in blue, red, and near infrared reflectance was observed for different heavy metal treatments. One-sample test showed significant difference for NDVI, MTCI, and RIA among five-level treatments at the 0.01 level. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the two vegetative indices (RIA and MTCI) were significantly correlated with chlorophyll meter values for Cd, Cu, and Zn treatments. However, NDVI was only significantly correlated with chlorophyll meter values for Cu and Zn treatments. Linear regression analysis also illustrated that RIA and MTCI were potential indices for predicting chlorophyll concentration with significant F test under Cu-, Zn-, and Cd-mediated stress.     

混合酸浸提—原子吸收法测定土壤中铜

建立了混合酸浸提对土壤样品进行前处理,并运用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法(FAAS)分析土壤中铜的方法。结果表明:最佳前处理条件为混合酸HNO 3+HCl(1+1),浸提温度100℃,浸提时间120 min。该方法前处理简单,测定快速、结果准确,同时经多次进行加标试验验证,其结果样品测定相对标准偏差为2.2%,其回收率为95%~101%,方法可行,应用于土壤样品的微量元素分析。     

污泥预植重金属Cu炭化及炭中重金属的稳定性研究

提出一种污泥预植重金属炭化后固定的概念,并以重金属Cu为代表,以CuCl2的形式植入;研究了在不同Cu预植浓度、不同温度下炭化后污泥本身以及额外添加的重金属在炭中的保留率以及稳定特性,同时采用不同的浸出方法,确定与污泥炭最终处置目标相关的最大可预植量.结果表明,在污泥中Cu的预植量为0.5%(质量分数,以Cu元素计)时,经过热解炭化,90%以上的Cu都保留在污泥炭中,其固定效果与温度有关,400℃以上时,炭化温度越高,Cu越容易浸出.在污泥中预植重金属Cu存在最大容量限制,最大可预植量与污泥炭最终处置目标有关,若选择在卫生填埋场进行填埋,则Cu的预植量不宜超过0.5%.本研究提供了一种污泥包裹其他含重金属的废料共炭化实现无害化的新思路,从而达到用污泥治废的效果.     

用几种溶样方法对典型土样中Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd、Mn、Cu、Zn的溶出情况比较

本文采用HNO_3、HCl-HNO_3、HNO_3-H_2SO_4-HClO_4,溶洋方法消解土样,用原子吸收法测定题述中的元素,并与HCl-HNO_3-HF-HClO_4全消解方法进行了比较.发现除用HF以外的其它酸溶法Pb、Cr的溶出较少溶出比分别低于55％和67％,主要原因是Pb、Cr包藏在土壤的矿物晶格中。     

非全量消解-悬浮液进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定煤灰中的铜和铅

试验了用非全量消解—悬浮液直接进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定煤灰中的铜和铅，结果表明：铜和铅的方法检出限(3σ)分别为0．038mg／L和0．23mg／L，测定吸光度与其浓度的线性范围均为0．5mg／L—5．0mg／L，样品加标回收率在87％—97％之间，相对标准差(n＝4)小于7％。