BDD电极阳极氧化垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液

实验研究了电化学技术阳极氧化垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液,比较了不同阳极种类、电流密度和极板间距对污染物降解的影响.结果表明,掺硼金刚石(boron-doped diamond,BDD)薄膜电极作为阳极,比钛基镀钌铱(Ti-RuO2-IrO2)和钛基镀铂(Ti-Pt)电极作为阳极时,有机物的矿化更为迅速.选用BDD电极作为阳极,不锈钢电极作为阴极,随着电流密度的增加(10~100 mA/cm2),TOC去除率随之提高,极板间距的改变(2~12 mm)对TOC的降解影响较小.BDD阳极氧化6 h后,浓缩液的TOC去除率达到94%.研究表明,BDD电极阳极氧化技术可有效地处理垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液,可将其应用于高毒性难生物降解的有机废水的处理工艺中.     

纳滤膜对有机物的截留机理研究

选用美国ＴｒｉＳｅｐ公司ＴＳ８０纳滤膜，在操作压力０．７ＭＰａ下考察了纳滤膜对有机物的截留机理，ＴＳ８０纳滤膜平均去除率为９０．３％，根据色谱质谱联机分析结果可知．ＴＳ８０纳滤膜能使色谱质谱峰丰度降低５０％左右，其对有机物的去除是由有机物的结构特征（如分子量、极性）与有机物问膜问的相互作用关系共同决定的。     

AFP transport across the fetal membranes in the human

In this investigation the original observation of a correlation between the concentration of amniotic fluid albumin and maternal serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), as a proof for amniotic fluid-derived AFP in the maternal compartment is confirmed at 15 and 16 weeks of gestation. In contrast to the earlier reported highly significant relation in this study the correlation is only weak, especially at 15 weeks. This might be in agreement with a more frequent absence of raised maternal serum AFP levels in cases of raised amniotic fluid AFP levels prior to 16 weeks of gestation. Transamniotic AFP transport contributes a minor part of the AFP present in the maternal compartment, as also indicated by the lack of correlation between AFP concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal serum.     

中水回用中平板膜的污染机理分析

采用间歇式生物反应器，对模拟小区生活污水的人工配水进行了生物处理；然后，在操作压力为0．1MPa，搅拌速度为300r／min条件下，选用膜生物反应器中常用的聚醚砜（PES，切割分子量分别为2万、1万和5千）、聚丙烯腈（PAN，切割分子量为20万）、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF，切割分子量为20万）超滤平板膜和聚醚砜（PES，孔径为0．1μm）、聚丙烯腈（PAN，孔径为0．1μm）、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF，孔径为0．1μm）微滤平板膜在实验室用死端超滤器上分别对活性污泥悬浮液进行了过滤并探讨了和间歇式生物反应器组合在一起用于中水回用的效果，结果表明：每种组合处理后的出水水质为COD〈50mg／L，NH3-N〈10mg／L，SS为0mg／L，浊度为0NTU，都达到了中水回用的水质标准（CJ25．1．89），其中生物反应器分别与PES超滤膜（5千、1万、2万）和PAN（20万、0．1μm）膜组合时，对COD的去除率较高，但所有组合对NH3-N、TOC去除率及膜的渗透通量都相差不大。此外，根据恒压堵塞过滤定律对膜的污染机理进行的研究证实：对于微滤膜和PAN（20万）超滤膜而言，由滤饼过滤过渡到完全（标准）堵塞，再到滤饼过滤；但对于PVDF（20万）和PES（2万）超滤膜，则由标准堵塞过渡到完全堵塞，再到滤饼过滤；PES（5千、1万）超滤膜的污染机理相对简单，整个过程以滤饼过滤为主。     

聚酰胺复合纳滤膜去除水中PFOS的研究

利用聚酰胺复合纳滤膜去除水中的PFOS,在0.6MPa操作压力条件下过滤12h,研究PFOS浓度、离子种类、总离子强度以及海藻酸对PFOS截留效果的影响.结果表明,随着PFOS浓度增大其截留率也随之升高;溶液总离子强度越大,PFOS截留率越高,当过滤进行到12h时,溶液总离子强度为150mmol/L时,PFOS的截留率比溶液总离子强度为10mmol/L时仍高2.1%;溶液中加入1mmol/L Ca²⁺时PFOS的截留效果优于加入1mmol/L Na⁺时的效果;并且随着二价离子浓度的增加,截留率上升,过滤结束时,Ca²⁺浓度为3mmol/L的条件下PFOS的截留率约为97.5%,高于1mmol/L Ca²⁺存在时PFOS的截留率（95%）;海藻酸存在时PFOS的截留率显著增高,尤其在1mmol/L钙离子存在条件下,过滤12h后PFOS的截留率仍可达到95%以上,但海藻酸会导致膜污染的发生从而引起膜通量下降.     

纳滤技术治理染料废水的尝试

通过采用纳滤技术分别对配制染料废水和实际染料废水的染料截留和脱色进行实验 ,讨论了纳滤技术处理染料废水的可行性和应用条件 ,发现纳滤技术可应用于对染料废水的脱色 ,并实现染料与盐分的分离 ,有利于染料废水的后继处理 ,纳滤对染料废水的染料截留率 ,即脱色率很高 ,对染料含量 10 0 0mg L的进水 ,脱色率大于 99%     

垃圾渗滤液处理纳滤浓缩液的减量试验研究

采用1种纳滤膜和2种反渗透膜对垃圾渗滤液处理过程中产生的纳滤浓缩液进行处理,研究进水压力、回收率、膜通量对膜工艺运行稳定性、出水水质的影响。研究结果表明,在试验条件下垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液可减量50%以上,反渗透产水指标满足《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T 18920—2002)城市绿化及娱乐性环境用水-湖泊类的要求。     

Uptake of aluminum by lipid vesicles

Aluminium uptake and tight binding were studied in multilayered phospholipid liposomes, as a model for cellular uptake of aluminum ions. Most of these studies were conducted with an initial aluminum concentration of 10 μM, while aluminum superficially bound to liposomes was removed by citrate chelation. Maximum uptake and tight binding of aluminium were pH‐dependent. In dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes, this maximum occurred in the neutral pH region, while it was shifted towards more acidic pH values in DMPC liposomes containing 20% of acidic phosphatidylserine. The initial rate of aluminum uptake was apparently dependent on the physical state of the liposome membrane. Prior formation of an aluminum‐citrate chelate prevented aluminum uptake and tight binding to DMPC liposomes.     

DETERMINATION OF DDT AND ITS METABOLITES IN CATTLE DIP SOIL AVAILABLE IN AQUEOUS PHASE AFTER REMEDIATION

Soil taken from a former cattle tick dip site in NSW Australia, was remediated with a chemical leaching technology. The pre- and post-remediated soil (20g) was dispersed in water (100mL) and subjected to passive diffusion using polymeric membranes. The remediation reduced tDDT from 1174.3μg/g to 102.9μg/g (ash weight basis), which was further reduced to 43.2μg/g with composting. The membranes accumulated 41.3μg tDDT/g from the dip soil, 49.2μg tDDT/g from the chemically leached soil and 3.1μg tDDT/g from the leached composted soil. The chemical leaching removed over 90% of the tDDT, but released soil bound DDT, which was converted to DDE, while 2.99μg/g was accumulated by the membranes from dip soil, 37.52μg/g was accumulated from remediated soil. Composting, however, almost eliminated the availability for passive diffusion by the membranes from 50 – 60μg/g in remediated soil to 3–3.5μg/g in composted soil. Variability studies of the membranes using eight replicates demonstrated that the accumulation by the membranes was reproducible with an average relative error of 20.3% for p,p'-DDT in soil type two, whilst the lowest average relative error for p,p'-DDE was 4.3%, suggesting that triplicate analyses will achieve acceptable accuracy.     

纳米膜染料行业清洁生产试验研究

纳米膜技术用在染料有化工行业可代替原有的盐析生产工段，减少ＣＯＤ，色度，氯化钠等污染物的排放，提高物料回收率，改善产品质量。