Adsorption of naphthalene onto a high-surface-area carbon from waste ion exchange resin

A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm 3 /g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi- Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.     

重组质粒DNA在热处理过程中的降解/变性规律研究

生物实验室产生的废弃重组基因片段的排放是造成.基因污染"的途径之一.热处理是目前生物实验室处置废弃重组基因片段、核酸等物质的主要手段.以pET-28b质粒为材料,采用定量PCR技术结合电泳和质粒转化等手段分析了重组基因片段在热处理过程中的降解与失活规律,以及不同离子强度对重组质粒热降解的影响.结果显示,100℃热处理过程中质粒 pET28b 的降解随时间变化较为明显,降解半衰期约为2.7min;处理30min后仍存在具有转化活性的质粒;实验结果表明,100℃热处理后的废弃重组基因片段排入自然生态系统后仍存在基因转移的可能性.     

郑州大气PM10的形貌特征及生物活性研究

采集郑州市区和郊区秋季大气PM₁₀样品,利用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）和图像分析技术对PM₁₀颗粒进行形貌特征和粒度分布进行分析,同时应用质粒DNA评价法研究了市区和郊区PM₁₀样品的生物活性.结果显示,在市区采集的样品中燃煤飞灰占有相当大的数量,而在郊区采集的样品中矿物质占有较大的数量,粒径分析表明,市区PM₁₀的数量-等效球直径分布较为集中,主要分布在0.1～0.4 μm范围内,郊区则相对比较分散;PM₁₀的体积-等效球直径主要分布在>1 μm范围内.结果表明,在郑州市秋季大气PM₁₀中,数量上细粒子占优势, 而在体积上(质量上)较粗颗粒占优势.质粒DNA评价结果表明,郑州市区和郊区PM₁₀颗粒对DNA的损伤程度不同,市区样品的生物活性大于郊区样品.     

Impacts of organic carbon availability and recipient bacteria characteristics on the potential for TOL plasmid genetic bioaugmentation in soil slurries

The effectiveness of genetic bioaugmentation relies on efficient plasmid transfer between donor and recipient cells as well as the plasmid’s phenotype in the recipient cell. In the present study, the effects of varying organic carbon substrates, initial recipient-to-donor cell density ratios, and mixtures of known recipient bacterial strains on the conjugation and function of a TOL plasmid were tested in sterile soil slurry batch reactors. The presence of soil organic carbon was sufficient in ensuring TOL plasmid transconjugant occurrence (up to 2.1 ± 0.5%) for most recipient strains in soil slurry batch mating experiments. The addition of glucose had limited effects on transconjugant occurrence; however, glucose amendment increased the specific toluene degradation rates of some Enterobacteriaceae transconjugants in soil slurry. Initial cell density ratios and mixtures of recipient strains had smaller impacts on plasmid conjugation and resulting phenotype functionality. These observations suggest that genetic bioaugmentation may be improved by minimal altering of environmental conditions.     

农药降解质粒向根瘤菌的转移

研究了细菌农药降解质粒P~(JP4)向根瘤菌的转移以及农药降解质粒引入根瘤菌后,对其共生性、固氮能力和根瘤结构的影响。结果表明,三种根瘤菌受体均接受了农药2,4-D降解质粒P~(JP4)。转移频率在4.0×10~(-6)—6.4×10~(-6)之间。其中一个受体菌株在灭菌土壤中接受该质粒,其转移频率为5.1×10~(-7)。接受了农药降解质粒的接合子保持了根瘤菌的共生性状、乙炔还原活性,所形成的根瘤结构与亲本株没有明显差别。从根瘤中分离的接合子仍保持了质粒P~(JP4)。     

一株辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其降解

采用TX-100为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基进行筛选,经过富集、分离和纯化获得了一株能够耐高浓度TX-100且降解性能较好的降解菌,命名为H1.对细菌H1进行形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA (GenBank Accession No.KC505179)序列相似性分析,初步鉴定为醋酸钙不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus).通过对菌株H1降解TX-100的产物分析,初步推断TX-100的降解模式为末端氧化,先从EO末端氧化,醚键断裂,形成短链的化合物,同时释放出乙醛酸.质粒检测和消除试验表明,控制菌H1降解TX-100的基因位于质粒上.     

不同烧制温度下玉米秸秆生物炭的性质及对萘的吸附性能

以玉米秸秆为原料,在300、500和700℃这3个温度下烧制生物炭,使用元素分析仪测定其元素组成,扫描电镜观测其表面特性,并采用批量吸附实验研究了生物炭对萘的吸附特性.结果表明,随烧制温度升高,玉米秸秆生物炭的碳元素含量从66.79%上升到76.30%,氢和氧元素从4.92%和19.25%下降到3.18%和9.53%;H/C、O/C和(O+N)/C值降低,芳香性和疏水性增强,极性降低.扫描电镜结果显示玉米秸秆生物炭主要是片状颗粒,孔隙少,生物炭表面粗糙程度随温度升高增加.对萘的动力学吸附曲线符合Lagergren准二级模型,初始吸附速率与平衡吸附量随烧制温度上升而上升;等温吸附曲线可用Freundlich模型进行描述,生物炭的吸附能力随烧制温度升高而增强,非线性先下降后上升.玉米秸秆生物炭表面形态上具有显著特点,且不同烧制温度对其元素组成、表面特征和对萘的吸附行为有显著影响.     

萘对海洋三角褐指藻生长的毒性效应及生化指标研究

选择在海洋中分布广泛的浮游植物海洋硅藻门的三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricomutum) 作为目标生物,研究了不同萘浓度水平对海洋微藻的生态毒性效应,并同步监测了萘的真实浓度.结果表明,在0~168h内,与对照相比,低浓度萘(初始浓度为0.048~2mg/L)处理组藻的吸光度以及叶黄素、胡萝卜素含量无明显差异.但当萘处理初始浓度达到8mg/L甚至更大时,吸光度、叶黄素和胡萝卜素含量随萘浓度增加而迅速下降,呈现一定的浓度-效应关系.随萘浓度的升高,各处理组中藻类体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈现先升高后下降的“钟形曲线”趋势,而藻类脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量则呈现先略降低而后急剧上升的趋势.     

1株对叔丁基邻苯二酚降解菌的筛选鉴定及响应面法优化其降解

从某化工厂污水处理车间活性污泥中分离、筛选到1株能以对叔丁基邻苯二酚(p-tert-Butylcatechol,TBC)为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株YH1.经形态特征、生理生化、BIOLOG细菌自动鉴定系统和16S r DNA序列分析,鉴定菌株YH1为皱纹假单胞菌(Pseudomonas corrugate).在温度为24~36℃,p H为7.0~10.0的条件下,菌株YH1可使浓度低于500 mg·L-1的TBC降解率达到82%以上.运用单因素实验初步确定TBC降解的最适外加碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和胰蛋白胨,最适温度为30℃,最适初始p H为7.0,最适接种量为2%.为了提高降解率,首先利用Plackett-Burman实验设计评估并筛选出影响TBC降解的3个关键因素:蔗糖、胰蛋白胨、初始p H.用最陡爬坡实验逼近以上3个因子的最大响应区域,采用Box-Behnken实验设计及响应面法分析,确定其最优降解条件为蔗糖浓度3%(ρ)、胰蛋白胨浓度1.44%(ρ)、TBC浓度400 mg·L-1、初始p H值8.12、接种量2.97%(φ)、温度30℃、培养时间96 h,在此条件下TBC降解率可达98.21%.TBC降解酶活性及酶定域实验表明,菌株YH1相关降解酶为胞内酶,且TBC可诱导邻苯二酚1,2双加氧酶(C12O)的合成.通过降解酶特异性引物从菌株YH1扩增得到C12O基因片段,经质粒检测和消除实验发现菌株YH1相关降解基因位于质粒上.此外,菌株YH1能耐受高浓度Na Cl和多种重金属离子,对多种抗生素具有抗性.研究结果为有效处理复杂工业废水提供了理论基础.     

强抗镉蜡状芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其抗性机理

从北京市远郊东三岔地区废弃的铅锌尾矿中筛选到1株强抗镉的细菌.通过细菌形态学观察、扫描电镜、X射线衍射能谱分析、甲基乙酰甲醇试验与酪氨酸水解试验等特征生理生化试验、菌株“G＋C mol%”值以及16S rDNA扩增与序列测定,鉴定此菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）.分离菌株可以在镉浓度为1?000 mg/L的固体培养基平板上生长,表明菌株具有强抗镉的能力.进一步分析了菌株在添加Cd²⁺与未添加Cd²⁺的液体培养基中的生长曲线,并通过质粒消除试验证明该菌株的抗镉性质与抗性质粒的存在有关.