废旧干电池对泥鳅的致毒作用

以抗污染能力强的泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicadatus)为实验材料,研究了废旧干电池污染的水源对水生生物的毒害作用。结果表明,泥鳅受毒害程度与水体中废旧干电池的数量和暴露时间成正相关关系;对受毒害但未死亡的个体断尾取血,显微镜下观察血红细胞的形态、结构,发现在废旧干电池污染的水体中残存的个体,其血红细胞的变异率远远超过生活在正常水体中的个体。     

表面改性Fe3O4去除水中酸性红B的研究

采用氢氧化铁沉淀法对商品Fe3O4细粉进行了表面改性,以酸性红B(ARB)为模型化合物研究了改性Fe3O4的吸附性能,并对Fenton氧化法再生吸附饱和的吸附剂进行了初步探索.结果表明,改性后的Fe3O4磁性基本不变,而其比表面积增加到原来的5倍.酸性条件有利于对ARB的吸附,最大吸附容量较改性前增大了近3倍,并且吸附速率快,20min即可达到平衡.对平衡吸附实验数据进行线性拟合,表明它们均能很好地符合Langmuir吸附模型.Fenton试剂可以有效的将被吸附的染料完全氧化,同时再生吸附剂,再生后吸附剂的吸附能力有所提高.因此,经表面改性的Fe3O4具有较好吸附性能、易于用磁分离法回收、并可再生循环使用.     

Effects of red-yellow soil acidification on seed germination of Chinese pine

Acid treatments significantly change the physical and chemical properties of red-yellos soil by lowering its pH value and leaching out aluminum(Al) ions that are harmful to the growth of plants.The structure of soil will be damaged,resulting in higher viscosity,higher water retention rate and lower air permeability of the soil.The germination rate of Chinese pine(Pinus tabulacformic Carr.)seeds sowed in soil treated with sulphuric acid(H2SO4) decreased compared to that for untreated soil.The direct cause was the large amount of Al ions leached out because of low pH values(≥3.5).The added acid decreased the soil aggregation and increased the number of micro-aggregates(under 250 μmin diameter).Such changes increased the soil‘s viscosity,which tied the pine needles to the soil after the seeds had germinated and prevented the seedlings from fully developing.     

福建省沿海赤红壤区生态农业建设途径

通过种草、营林、治水和保土改善生态环境，逐步优化农业生产结构，建立高效种植业，提高耕地持久生产力，保护农业生物生产机能，开发果树生产，增强畜牧业，加工利用农副产品，解决农村生活能源，发展庭院生态经济等，探讨建设持续高效的农业生态系统，使沿海旱地农业得到整体发展。     

Stabilization of metals in acidic mine spoil with amendments and red fescue (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Festuca rubra</Emphasis> L.) growth

Stabilization of metals with amendments and red fescue (Festuca rubra, cv. Keszthelyi 2) growth was studied on an acidic and phytotoxic mine spoil (pH_KCl 3.20–3.26; Cd 7.1 mg kg^?1, Cu 120 mg kg^?1, Pb 2154 mg kg^?1 and Zn 605 mg kg^?1) from Gyöngyösoroszi, Hungary in a pot experiment. Raising the pH above 5.0 by lime (CaCO₃), and supplementing with 40 mg kg^?1nitrogen (NH₄NO₃) made this material suitable for plant growth. All cultures were limed with 0.5% (m/m) CaCO₃ (treatment 1), which was combined with 5% (m/m) municipal sewage sludge compost (treatment 2), 5% (m/m) peat (treatment 3), 7.5% (m/m) natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) (treatment 4), and 0.5 (m/m) KH₂PO₄ (treatment 5). Treatments 1–5 were combined with each other (treatment 6). After 60 days of red fescue growth, pH of the limed mine spoil decreased in all cultures units. Application of peat caused the highest pH decrease (1.15), while decrease of pH was less than 0.23 in treatments 2, 5 or 6. Application of lime significantly reduced concentrations of metals in the ‘plant available’ fraction of mine spoil compared to non-limed mine spoil. Amendments added to limed mine spoil changed variously the ratio of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in exchangeable or ‘plant available’ fractions, differently influencing the phytoavailability of these metals. Most of the metals were captured in the roots of test plants. Treatment 2 caused the appearance of less Cd in shoots (<0.1 μg g^?1) or roots (3.11 μg g^?1), while treatment 5 resulted in the highest Cd concentration (2.13 μg g^?1) in shoots. Treatments did not influence significantly the Cu accumulation in shoots. The Pb accumulation of roots (44.7 μg g^?1) was most effectively inhibited by combined treatment, while the highest value (136 μg g^?1) was found in the culture treated with potassium phosphate. Pb concentration in shoots was below the detection limit, except for treatments 5 and 6. Peat application resulted in higher Zn concentration (448 μg g^?1) in shoots than other amendments, where these values were around 100 μg g^?1. All amendments influenced positively the dry matter yield of red fescue grown in limed mine spoil, however the application of 0.5 phosphate was less favourable. Liming, application of amendments and growth of red fescue can stabilize metals in acidic and phytotoxic mine spoil, and by phytostabilization they can reduce the risk of metal contamination of the food chain.     

广东红壤类土壤结构特征及其影响因素

探讨了广东红壤的结构特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明,红壤类土壤具有较好的团聚性、较高的水稳性,但孔隙性较差。土壤结构受土壤颗粒组成、有机质含量和利用方式的影响。红壤开垦后,土壤团聚性受到破坏,但孔隙性有所改善。为改善红壤的土壤结构,应该增加土壤的有机质含量。     

Removal of congo red dye from water using carbon slurry waste

A cheaper adsorbent has been prepared from carbon slurry waste obtained from National Fertilizer Limited (NFL), Panipat and investigated for the removal of congo red, an anionic dye. Its adsorption on prepared carbonaceous adsorbent was studied as a function of contact time, concentration and temperature. The results have shown that carbonaceous adsorbent adsorbs dye to a sufficient extent (272 mg g^-1). A comparative study of adsorption results with those obtained on activated charcoal shows that the carbonaceous adsorbent is ~95% efficient as compared to activated charcoal. Thus, it can be fruitfully used for the removal of dyes from wastewaters.This work has been presented at the National Symposium on Biochemical Sciences: Health and Environmental Aspects (BSHEA—2003), Agra, India (2003).     

接种蚯蚓对红壤氮素矿化特征的影响

在室内恒温培养、间歇破坏性采样的条件下,研究了蚯蚓活动对红壤氮素矿化以及土壤氮素肥力的影响。试验共设置以下四个处理:(1)不接种蚯蚓不施用秸秆的对照处理(S);(2)单接种蚯蚓处理(E);(3)单施秸秆处理(O);(4)蚯蚓 秸秆处理(OE)。分别于培养后的第6,12,18,24,30d进行5次破坏性采样。试验结果显示:在整个培养时期中,无论是否施用秸秆,接种蚯蚓处理(E,OE)的土壤铵态氮含量均较同期相应对照处理(S,O)有显著性提高(p<0.05),到培养结束时,铵态氮含量分别是相应对照处理(S,O)的9.27倍和6.76倍。通过计算不同培养期土壤氮素的矿化速率和累积矿化速率发现,无论有无施用秸秆,接种蚯蚓后(E,OE),土壤氮素矿化速率和累积矿化速率均显著高于(p<0.01)同期相应的无蚯蚓对照处理(S,O),并且在单接种蚯蚓(E)的条件下最高。在整个培养时期中,单接种蚯蚓处理(E)的土壤全氮含量较同期对照处理(S)显著提高了6.7%~32.7%,蚯蚓 秸秆处理(OE)的全氮含量除了在培养第6d外,其它培养时期均较同期单施秸秆处理(O)显著提高(p<0.05)了7.4%~25.4%。     

美国红鱼卵黄原蛋白的分离纯化及电泳性质鉴定

腹腔注射0.02mg/gBW17β-雌二醇,诱导美国红鱼1wk后取尾静脉血,离心分离得到的血浆经Sephacryl S-300 high resolution分子筛分离、纯化卵黄原蛋白.常规聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的考马斯亮蓝染色和糖、磷、脂的特征性基团染色结果表明,17β-雌二醇诱导美国红鱼产生了两种形式的卵黄原蛋白,以Native-PAGE方法计算出美国红鱼两种卵黄原蛋白的分子量分别为344×103和247×103,以SDS-PAGE方法得出卵黄原蛋白3种亚基的分子量为152×103、133×103和118×103.分子筛凝胶过滤能较好地分离纯化美国红鱼血浆中的卵黄原蛋白.图8参17     

有机酸对潮褐土和红壤吸附Cu(II)的影响及其机制

采用吸附平衡法,研究了有机酸(草酸、柠檬酸)对潮褐土和红壤吸附Cu2+的影响及机制。结果表明,潮褐土、红壤对Cu2+吸附明显有异,潮褐土对Cu2+吸附量是红壤对Cu2+吸附量的5倍多。潮褐土对Cu2+的竞争吸附率随有机酸浓度升高而降低,当草酸、柠檬酸浓度为10 mmolL-1时,Cu2+吸附率均分别比对照的降低40%和70%以上。在低浓度条件下,红壤对Cu2+的竞争吸附率随有机酸浓度的提高而增加,当草酸、柠檬酸浓度分别超过1 mmolL-1和0.05 mmolL-1时,又随有机酸浓度的升高而降低。两种土壤对Cu2+次级吸附率随有机酸浓度升高而变化的规律与竞争吸附的一致。在相同有机酸浓度下,土壤对Cu2+的次级吸附率均比竞争吸附率的高。