The Importance of Contexts in Strategies of Environmental Organizations with Regard to Climate Change

2 problem, which brought the issue into the energy debate, as well as the more general definition of the problem in the late 1980s as a greenhouse problem, were very important for determining the strategies of the organizations. It can be concluded that strategies of Dutch environmental organizations with regard to climate change were strongly dependent on the context.     

Nature Reserve and Ecotourism Development in China＇s Wuzhishan Mountain Region

As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social development and the maintenance of cultural values. This paper establishes a framework for nature reserve development that seeks to incorporate ecotourism into its strategies. The overall purpose was to identify the information needs required for a comprehensive nature reserve that incorporates ecotourism related values. It also illustrates the utility of this framework in the context of the Wuzhishan Mountain Region of China. A literature review, the first phase of a visionary strategy and a subsequent gap analysis for available management information were undertaken in order to achieve this paper＇s purpose. Finally, recommendations axe pre-sented for integrating ecotourism into nature reserve development in the Wuzhishan Mountain Region.     

天然气管道泄漏爆炸后果评价模型对比分析

天然气管道失效可能导致多种严重后果,爆炸灾害给周围的人员和建筑物造成重大的危害,对其爆炸危害范围的评价进行研究具有重要现实意义。笔者综合分析蒸气云爆炸(VCE)定量评价模型和API pub 581后果评价模型;并以某输气管道为实例对爆炸后果进行了定量模拟评价;得到死亡区域与泄漏时间的关系,确定了其爆炸事故的伤害范围;对两种模型的评价结果进行了对比分析。爆炸后果评价模型的研究与其对比探讨,为今后输气管线的定量风险后果评价模型选取提供参考依据。     

层次分析法在自然保护区公路路线方案选择中的应用

针对自然保护区公路路线方案选择中存在的盲目性、片面性和主观性问题，本文以环长白山旅游公路建设项目环境影响评价方案为例，提出运用层次分析法进行路线方案比选。结果表明，在公路环境影响评价的路线方案选择过程中，层次分析法是一种较好的定量分析方法。     

In and Of the World? Christian Theological Anthropology and Environmental Ethics

Mainstream currents within Christianity havelong insisted that humans, among all creatures, areneither fully identified with their physical bodiesnor fully at home on earth. This essay outlines theparticular characteristics of Christian notions ofhuman nature and the implications of this separationfor environmental ethics. It then examines recentefforts to correct some damaging aspects oftraditional Christian understandings of humanity'splace in nature, especially the notions of physicalembodiment and human embeddedment in earth. Theprimary goal of the essay is not to offer acomprehensive evaluation of Christian thinking aboutnature but rather to identify theological anthropologyas a crucial dimension of, and problem for, Christianenvironmental ethics.     

基于最小费用距离模型的自然保护区功能分区

合理的功能分区是维持自然保护区保护功能和实施有效管理的关键。功能分区的环套模式反映了生物保护的一种分级措施,而最小费用距离反映了物种的被保护程度和景观对物种的干扰程度等阻力特性,因此,功能分区阈值是联系这种阻力变化和分级保护措施的一个纽带。以老县城大熊猫自然保护区为例,提出了利用最小费用距离模型进行功能分区的方法。阻力层的确定、阻力值的赋予、功能分区阈值的确定等问题构成了应用最小费用距离模型进行功能分区的基本要素。研究结果表明:应用最小费用距离模型进行功能分区进一步丰富了功能分区的研究方法;最小费用距离应用于功能分区的关键点在于功能分区阈值的确定;利用标准方差分类方法可以设计不同安全水平的功能分区。     

新公共管理对中国自然保护区管理的借鉴:以加拿大国家公园改革为例

1994年,加拿大政府开始减少对国家公园的拨款,加拿大公园局相应进行一系列改革适应这一变化。表面看来,改革后的加拿大国家公园与中国自然保护区类似,其开支都由政府拨款和自身盈利共同承担。论文运用新公共管理理论和极域管理工具分析加拿大公园局改革背景、过程和效果后指出:两国保护区管理存在本质上的差异,加拿大是在行政管理成熟发展后引入市场机制以提高效率、降低成本,并通过一系列措施加强原有行政管理优势;而中国目前还没有在保护区管理中形成有效的行政管理体制,并缺少有效的法制体系和统一的行政机构规范保护区自我盈利行为,因此,必须十分谨慎地运用市场机制,以避免行政管理和市场管理两方面缺点结合,最终导致自然资源的破坏。     

儒家“天人合一”观：构建可持续发展理论的源泉

本文从可持续发展的目标、动力、方式、调控四个方面,分析“天人合一”观巨大的道德指导价值,并从儒家的“天人合一”观出发,对可持续发展的四个方面进行新的思考和定位。     

矿化垃圾处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

试验研究了矿化垃圾细料与土壤作为生物反应床填料处理渗滤液效果的差异,以及加管通风条件对矿化垃圾柱和土壤柱处理渗滤液效果的影响. 结果表明:矿化垃圾细料对渗滤液中COD_Cr和NH₄＋-N的去除效果明显好于土壤. 在水力负荷为40 L/(m3·d)和布水时间为2.0 h的条件下,矿化垃圾细料对渗滤液中的COD_Cr和NH₄＋-N有良好的去除效果,去除率分别达73%和66%;而土壤对COD_Cr和NH₄＋-N的去除率分别只有52%和42%;加管通风条件使矿化垃圾对渗滤液的处理效果明显提高,对COD_Cr和NH₄＋-N的去除率分别提高了9%和26%.      

Combining culturomic sources to uncover trends in popularity and seasonal interest in plants

Culturomic tools enable the exploration of trends in human–nature interactions, although they entail inherent biases and necessitate careful validation. Furthermore, people may engage with nature across different culturomic data sets differently. We evaluated people's digital interest and engagement with plant species based on Wikipedia and Google data and explored the conservation implications of these temporal interest patterns. As a case study, we explored the digital footprints of the most popular plant species in Israel. We analyzed 4 years of daily page views from Hebrew Wikipedia and 10 years of daily Google search volume in Israel. We modeled popularity of plant species in these 2 data sets based on a suite of plant attributes. We further explored the seasonal trends of people's interest in each species. We found differences in how people interacted digitally with plants in Wikipedia and Google. Overall, in Google, searches for species that have utility to humans were more common, whereas in Wikipedia, plants that serve as cultural emblems received more attention. Furthermore, in Google, popular species attracted more attention over time, opposite to the trend in Wikipedia. In Google, interest in species with short bloom duration exhibited more pronounced seasonal patterns, whereas in Wikipedia, seasonality of interest increased as bloom duration increased. Together, our results suggest that people's digital interactions with nature may be inherently different depending on the sources explored, which may affect use of this information for conservation. Although culturomics holds much promise, better understanding of its underpinnings is important when translating insights into conservation actions.