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331.
332.
Juan WU Jian ZHANG Wenlin JIA Huijun XIE Bo ZHANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(2):241-247
The effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the influent on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, together with the relationships between N2O and water quality parameters in free water surface constructed wetlands, were investigated with laboratoryscale systems.
N2O emission and purification performance of wastewater were very strongly dependent on COD concentration in the influent, and
the total N2O emission in the system with middle COD influent concentration was the least. The relationships between N2O and the chemical and physical water quality variables were studied by using principal component scores in multiple linear
regression analysis to predict N2O flux. The multiple linear regression model against principal components indicated that different water parameters affected
N2O flux with different COD concentrations in the influent, but nitrate nitrogen affected N2O flux in all systems. 相似文献
333.
334.
Electric power generating plants that use coal were among the key targets of Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act. Under the
first phase of the act, 110 coal-fired electric power plants were required to reduce their sulfur dioxide emissions by 1995
and nitrogen oxide emissions by 1996. Phase 2 of the act requires even greater reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions by 2000
and nitrogen oxide emissions by 2008. This study examines whether the 107 targeted plants (three plants went off-line) have
achieved the desired sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission levels.
The analysis of sulfur dioxide is based on data from 1990, 1995, and 1999. The findings show that although sulfur oxide increased
by 3% from 1995 to 1999, it decreased by 45% over the 1990–1999 period at the firm level for the targeted firms. The findings
also indicate that the overall reduction in sulfur dioxide was achieved by utilizing low sulfur coal and by purchasing emission
allowances. So far as nitrogen oxides are concerned, there has been a reduction of 14% over the 1990–1999 period, of which
7% was achieved during the 1995–1999 period. An evaluation of emissions at the plant level indicates that several plants do
not meet the emissions level for sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides.
These results provide a mixed scorecard for reduction in emissions both for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Even though
there is reduction in the emissions on an overall basis at the firm level, several plants that have not been able to reduce
emissions deserve special attention to meet the goals of the act in reducing emissions. 相似文献
335.
The impact of nitrogen fertilizers on gaseous emissions duringwinter and spring-thaw is not well understood and was the objective of this research. Using a micrometeorological method,N2O, NO and NOx fluxes from ryegrass were measured from November 1997 to March 1998. Three different mineralfertilizers were applied in November: urea (U), slow-release urea(SRU) and ammonium nitrate (AN). N2O emissions during the winter were small, increasing significantly in March. Total losses of N2O-N were significantly higher from SRU and U plots, with winter N2O emissions accounting for 50% of annual losses. Nitric oxide fluxes from all plots weresmall during the measurement period (<0.9 ng N m-2 s-1). The NO fluxes from U and AN fertilized plots were significantly higher than from SRU and control plots. NO2 fluxes were always negative (–6 ng N m-2 s-1)indicating deposition, but decreased to –2 ng N m-2s-1 when snow was present on the soil surface. Our resultsindicate that the form of inorganic N applied has an effect on NO+ N2O emissions but not on NO2 fluxes.Sponsored by CAPES – Brasília, Brazil 相似文献
336.
Estimates of soil N2O and NOemissions at regional and country scales arehighly uncertain, because the most widely usedmethodologies are based on few data, they do notinclude all sources and do not account forspatial and seasonal variability. To improveunderstanding of the spatial distribution of soilNO and N2O emissions we have developedsimple multi-linear regression models based onpublished field studies from temperate climates.The models were applied to create spatialinventories at the 5 km2 scale of soil NOand N2O emissions for Great Britain. The N2O regression model described soilN2O emissions as a function of soil N input,soil water content, soil temperature and land useand provided an annual N2O emission of 128 kt N2O-N yr-1. Emission rates largerthan 12 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1 werecalculated for the high rainfall grassland areasin the west of Great Britain.Soil NO emissions were calculated using tworegression models, which described NO emissionsas a function of soil N input with and without afunction for the water filled pore space. Thetotal annual emissions from both methods, 66 and7 kt NO-N yr-1, respectively, span the rangeof previous estimates for Great Britain. 相似文献
337.
338.
利用天然蛭石处理造纸黑液 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
实验使用未经膨化处理的天然蛭石,添加微量铁质添加剂处理草浆黑液,然后将其沉渣烧制陶瓷制品。微量铁质添加剂使得天然蛭石对造纸黑液中COD的去除率由原来的30%提高到50%以上;利用沉渣烧制陶瓷制品的烧成温度宽,制品的强度高,孔隙率大。 相似文献
339.
土壤过滤净化氮氧化物实验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
实验考察了土壤类型、进口浓度、温度和过滤气速对净化氮氧化物废气效果的影响。结果表明 ,土壤过滤能够有效削减NOx 污染 ,对NO2 的净化效率可达 90 %以上 :肥沃土壤的净化效率明显高于贫瘠土壤 ,适宜作为过滤介质 ;在实验浓度范围内 ,净化效率基本随着进口浓度的提高而提高。当进口浓度高于 2mg m3时 ,净化效率基本稳定在95 %左右 ;温度的升高对提高去除率是有利的 ,而且对延长土壤滤池有效使用时间有很大帮助 ;在实验范围内气速的提高对NO2 去除率影响不明显。 相似文献
340.
TiO2与Cu2O光催化降解对硝基苯酚比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别采用自制的纳米TiO2和Cu2O研究对硝基苯酚的光催化降解.结果表明,模拟阳光条件下,100mg·l-1对硝基苯酚水溶液的氧化亚铜催化反应半衰期为20.0min,而二氧化钛不具备可见光催化能力;在SGY-1多功能光化学反应器中,TiO2催化降解对硝基苯酚的半衰期是48.1min.产物分析表明,n-型半导体二氧化钛的光催化反应存在两种降解历程,生成二羟基硝基苯或脱除硝基.而p-型半导体氧化亚铜催化的光降解反应未检出脱硝基产物,仅检出1,2-二羟基-4-硝基苯. 相似文献