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Mounir Gaidi Kais Daoudi Soumya Columbus Anouar Hajjaji My Ali El Khakani Brahim Bessais 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):123-134
Homogeneous and vertically aligned silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were successfully fabricated using silver assisted chemical etching technique. The prepared samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Photocatalytic degradation properties of graphene oxide (GO) modified SiNWs have been investigated. We found that the SiNWs morphology depends on etching time and etchant composition. The SiNWs length could be tuned from 1 to 42 µm, respectively when varying the etching time from 5 to 30 min. The etchant concentration was found to accelerate the etching process; doubling the concentrations increases the length of the SiNWs by a factor of two for fixed etching time. Changes in bundle morphology were also studied as function of etching parameters. The SiNWs diameter was found to be independent of etching time or etchant composition while the size of the SiNWs bundle increases with increasing etching time and etchant concentration. The addition of GO was found to improve significantly the photocatalytic activity of SiNWs. A strong correlation between etching parameters and photocatalysis efficiency has been observed, mainly for SiNWs prepared at optimum etching time and etchant concentrations of 10 min and 4:1:8. A degradation of 92% was obtained which further improved to 96% by addition of hydrogen peroxide. Only degradation efficiency of 16% and 31% has been observed for bare Si and GO/bare Si samples respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed SiNWs/GO composite exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance and could be used as potential platform for the degradation of organic pollutants. 相似文献
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Juan WU Jian ZHANG Wenlin JIA Huijun XIE Bo ZHANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(2):241-247
The effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the influent on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, together with the relationships between N2O and water quality parameters in free water surface constructed wetlands, were investigated with laboratoryscale systems.
N2O emission and purification performance of wastewater were very strongly dependent on COD concentration in the influent, and
the total N2O emission in the system with middle COD influent concentration was the least. The relationships between N2O and the chemical and physical water quality variables were studied by using principal component scores in multiple linear
regression analysis to predict N2O flux. The multiple linear regression model against principal components indicated that different water parameters affected
N2O flux with different COD concentrations in the influent, but nitrate nitrogen affected N2O flux in all systems. 相似文献
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Electric power generating plants that use coal were among the key targets of Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act. Under the
first phase of the act, 110 coal-fired electric power plants were required to reduce their sulfur dioxide emissions by 1995
and nitrogen oxide emissions by 1996. Phase 2 of the act requires even greater reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions by 2000
and nitrogen oxide emissions by 2008. This study examines whether the 107 targeted plants (three plants went off-line) have
achieved the desired sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission levels.
The analysis of sulfur dioxide is based on data from 1990, 1995, and 1999. The findings show that although sulfur oxide increased
by 3% from 1995 to 1999, it decreased by 45% over the 1990–1999 period at the firm level for the targeted firms. The findings
also indicate that the overall reduction in sulfur dioxide was achieved by utilizing low sulfur coal and by purchasing emission
allowances. So far as nitrogen oxides are concerned, there has been a reduction of 14% over the 1990–1999 period, of which
7% was achieved during the 1995–1999 period. An evaluation of emissions at the plant level indicates that several plants do
not meet the emissions level for sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides.
These results provide a mixed scorecard for reduction in emissions both for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Even though
there is reduction in the emissions on an overall basis at the firm level, several plants that have not been able to reduce
emissions deserve special attention to meet the goals of the act in reducing emissions. 相似文献
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The impact of nitrogen fertilizers on gaseous emissions duringwinter and spring-thaw is not well understood and was the objective of this research. Using a micrometeorological method,N2O, NO and NOx fluxes from ryegrass were measured from November 1997 to March 1998. Three different mineralfertilizers were applied in November: urea (U), slow-release urea(SRU) and ammonium nitrate (AN). N2O emissions during the winter were small, increasing significantly in March. Total losses of N2O-N were significantly higher from SRU and U plots, with winter N2O emissions accounting for 50% of annual losses. Nitric oxide fluxes from all plots weresmall during the measurement period (<0.9 ng N m-2 s-1). The NO fluxes from U and AN fertilized plots were significantly higher than from SRU and control plots. NO2 fluxes were always negative (–6 ng N m-2 s-1)indicating deposition, but decreased to –2 ng N m-2s-1 when snow was present on the soil surface. Our resultsindicate that the form of inorganic N applied has an effect on NO+ N2O emissions but not on NO2 fluxes.Sponsored by CAPES – Brasília, Brazil 相似文献
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Estimates of soil N2O and NOemissions at regional and country scales arehighly uncertain, because the most widely usedmethodologies are based on few data, they do notinclude all sources and do not account forspatial and seasonal variability. To improveunderstanding of the spatial distribution of soilNO and N2O emissions we have developedsimple multi-linear regression models based onpublished field studies from temperate climates.The models were applied to create spatialinventories at the 5 km2 scale of soil NOand N2O emissions for Great Britain. The N2O regression model described soilN2O emissions as a function of soil N input,soil water content, soil temperature and land useand provided an annual N2O emission of 128 kt N2O-N yr-1. Emission rates largerthan 12 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1 werecalculated for the high rainfall grassland areasin the west of Great Britain.Soil NO emissions were calculated using tworegression models, which described NO emissionsas a function of soil N input with and without afunction for the water filled pore space. Thetotal annual emissions from both methods, 66 and7 kt NO-N yr-1, respectively, span the rangeof previous estimates for Great Britain. 相似文献
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