氧化钙改性粉煤灰对酸性橙的吸附脱色性能试验研究

本文选择氧化钙为改性剂对粉煤灰进行改性试验,研究其对酸性橙染料的吸附脱色性能,结果表明:氧化钙和粉煤灰的质量比为1∶8、灼烧温度为400℃、不调节pH值、改性灰的投加量为14 g/L时,对浓度为25 mg/L酸性橙的脱色率可达95.5%,且碱性条件有利于吸附反应的发生;粉煤灰对酸性橙的吸附可用Langmuir吸附等温模...     

微波诱导催化剂MnO/MgO的制备及其活性研究

采用均匀沉淀法制备了微波诱导催化剂MnO/MgO,通过实验确定催化剂的制备条件并对催化剂的形貌进行了SEM表征。实验结果表明,在微波功率900 W,微波时间8 min,催化剂投加量0.6 g/L的条件下,利用微波诱导氧化技术处理50 mL浓度为50 mg/L的活性艳蓝,活性艳蓝的脱色率达到了96%,H2O2的加入能提高脱色效率,缩短反应时间。     

太湖氧化亚氮(N2O)排放特征及潜在驱动因素

氧化亚氮（N₂O）是《京都议定书》规定的6种温室气体之一,其百年增温趋势是CO₂的298倍,大气N₂O浓度在持续快速增长中.浅水湖泊是大气N₂O的重要来源,为探讨富营养湖泊太湖N₂O排放的时空变化及潜在驱动因素,于2月（冬）和8月（夏）不同季节下在太湖进行野外观测,采用扩散系数-顶空瓶法观测表层水体N₂O浓度［c（N₂O）］和排放通量［F（N₂O）］,并讨论分析N₂O排放的潜在驱动因素.由于溶解性有机物（DOM）光谱是溶解性有机碳（DOC）及溶解性有机氮（DON）来源组成的有效示踪指标,其迁移转化过程亦会释放大量无机氮,改变水体氧化还原电位,因而也能影响N₂O排放.结果表明,太湖表层水体N₂O的浓度和排放通量表现出的时间变化及空间变化强烈受到季节（水温）差异和营养水平的共同影响,其表层水体c（ČN₂O）均值为（19.7±2.7） nmol·L^-1,F（N₂O）均值为（41.1±1.8）μmol·（m²·d）^-1,两者均表现为夏季高于冬季（t-test,P<0.01）;DOM和DOC等有机质的输入累积能够提高水体N₂O的产生和排放潜力,其中N₂O排放通量与水体类腐殖质组分C1显著正相关,表征陆源输入的荧光峰积分比值I_C ：I_T及芳香性指标S_275-295都表明西北入湖河口区积累了大量陆源类腐殖酸,其转化降解对N₂O的产生及排放有较大的贡献.结果显示水温、DOM组成来源和营养水平等均是影响太湖水体N₂O排放的重要因素.长期连续观测能更好地全面评估各种因素对水体N₂O产生及排放的影响并科学合理地制定减排方案.     

氮氧化物控制技术现状与进展

介绍了几种最新的氮氧化物(NOx)控制技术,对主要的两种脱硝技术-选择性非催化还原(SCNR)和选择性催化还原(SCR)技术进行较为详细的讨论,并介绍了低温SCR、双氧水氧化、臭氧氧化脱硝技术的最新研究进展。     

铈钛掺杂促进铁氧化物低温SCR脱硝性能的机理

利用X射线晶格衍射（XRD）、N₂吸附和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）等对铈和钛掺杂后的铁氧化物晶相、孔隙结构及表面活性组分的分散度等物性进行表征分析,得到了铈和钛掺杂对铁氧化物低温NH₃-SCR脱硝性能的促进机理.结果表明：铈和钛掺杂会抑制铁氧化物中Fe₂O₃的结晶,细化其孔径,增大其比表面积和比孔容;铈掺杂会促使铁氧化物表面形成Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺氧化还原电子对;进一步掺杂钛会提高铁铈复合氧化物形成更多吸附氧,增强其表面低温催化氧化NO为NO₂的性能;且铈和钛掺杂增强了铁氧化物表面的吸附性能,尤其提高了对NH₃的低温吸附,从而促进了铁基氧化物催化剂的低温NH₃-SCR脱硝性能.     

脱硝装置气体管道危险性研究

本项目根据烟气脱硝装置工艺特点,设计并搭建了臭氧腐蚀性测试装置和臭氧自燃点测试装置。利用搭建的测试装置开展了铁粉、碳粉自燃特性研究和吸收塔内非金属材料的腐蚀性研究。通过试验研究确定了铁粉和碳粉在臭氧环境下的自燃特性,同时利用光学显微镜对非金属材质腐蚀前后的表面形貌进行了表征,确定了臭氧对非金属材质的腐蚀特性。通过理论计算和试验研究确定了纯氧管道和含有一定浓度臭氧的氧气管道的工艺危险性。根据脱硝装置气体管道的研究成果给出了合理化建议。     

Photocatalytic degradation of phosphamidon using Ag-doped ZnO nanorods

The photocatalytic degradation of the organo-phosphorous pesticide phosphamidon at low concentration in aqueous solution on Ag-doped ZnO nanorods was investigated. Nanosized Ag-doped ZnO rods were synthesized by using a microwave assisted aqueous method. High molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol was used as a stabilizing agent. Composition and structure were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD pattern reveals that ZnO nanorods are of hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size calculated from Scherrer's relation was found to be 30?nm. The effects of catalyst loading, pH value, and initial concentration of phosphamidon on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency using Ag-doped ZnO nanorods as a photocatalyst have been discussed. The results revealed that Ag-doped ZnO nanorods with a diameter of 30?nm showed highest photocatalytic activity at a surface density of 1?g?dm^?3. The catalyst doped with 0.2?mol% Ag is effective for the degradation of phosphamidon with visible light. This opens a new possibility to decompose pesticides that are present in wastewater.     

Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on biochemical and oxidative parameters in marigold leaves

Abstract

The effects of suspensions of cerium oxide nanoparticles sprayed onto marigold seedlings (Calendula officinalis L.) at concentrations between 50 and 3200 mg L^?1 were studied. At concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L^?1, the nanoparticles had a slight positive effect on some growth parameters, but at higher concentrations they caused severe oxidative damage. Activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and lipoxygenase increased from 400 mg L^?1 upward, tyrosine ammonia lyase from 1600 mg L^?1. Ascorbate and glutathione contents decreased from 400 mg L^?1 upwards.     

Cytotoxicity and cell membrane depolarization induced by aluminum oxide nanoparticles in human lung epithelial cells A549

The cytotoxicity of 13 and 22 nm aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles was investigated in cultured human bronchoalveolar carcinoma-derived cells (A549) and compared with 20 nm CeO₂ and 40 nm TiO₂ nanoparticles as positive and negative control, respectively. Exposure to both Al₂O₃ nanoparticles for 24 h at 10 and 25 µg mL^?1 doses significantly decreased cell viability compared with control. However, the cytotoxicity of 13 and 22 nm Al₂O₃ nanoparticles had no difference at 5–25 µg mL^?1 dose range. The cytotoxicity of both Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were higher than negative control TiO₂ nanoparticles but lower than positive control CeO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂ < Al₂O₃ < CeO₂). A real-time single cell imaging system was employed to study the cell membrane potential change caused by Al₂O₃ and CeO₂ nanoparticles using a membrane potential sensitive fluorescent probe DiBAC₄(3). Exposure to the 13 nm Al₂O₃ nanoparticles resulted in more significant depolarization than the 30 nm Al₂O₃ particles. On the other hand, the 20 nm CeO₂ particles, the most toxic, caused less significant depolarization than both the 13 and 22 nm Al₂O₃. Factors such as exposure duration, surface chemistry, and other mechanisms may contribute differently between cytotoxicity and membrane depolarization.     

外源NO对不同冬春性小麦花后光合生理的影响

为利用一氧化氮（NO）调节作用实现小麦（Tritivum aestivum L.）高产优质之目的,本试验在网室盆栽条件下,以冬春性不同的2个小麦品种（弱春性偃展4110和半冬性周麦18）为试验材料,研究了不同浓度外源NO供体——SNP处理对花后小麦光合生理特性及成熟期产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,不同浓度SNP处理对2种小麦旗叶叶面积、RWC、可溶性糖、总叶绿素含量、WUE、千粒质量、穗粒质量等均有不同程度的促进作用;与对照相比,低浓度SNP（0.075～0.15 mmol.L-1）明显降低2种小麦旗叶枯叶/绿叶值（Y/G）,而高浓度（0.30 mmol.L-1）处理则使Y/G值上升。综合分析：本试验条件下,外源NO对半冬性品种周麦18的调控效果优于弱春性品种偃展4110;周麦18以0.30 mmol.L-1SNP处理、偃展4110以0.15mmol.L-1SNP调控对小麦增产较为明显。