The changes of nitric oxide production during the growth of Microcystis aerugrinosa

This study characterized the changes of nitric oxide (NO) production during the growth of Microcystis aerugrinosa, a cyanobacterium which usually cause cyanobacterial blooms. Results showed a drastic NO release accompanying with cell density and Chl-a content sharp rises when M. aerugrinosa grew from fifth day to sixth day. Moreover, high N:P ratio accelerated the cyanobacterial growth and NO burst. Sodium nitroprusside, an exogenous NO donor, promoted M. aerugrinosa growth with the optimal concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Experiments by supplementing with sodium nitrite and l-arginine demonstrated NO production in M. aerugrinosa cells was mainly through nitrate reductase (NR) pathway while minorly through NO synthase pathway. All these data suggested M. aerugrinosa produced increasing NO during its growth mainly by NR pathway, during which NO positively regulated the growth of M. aerugrinosa.     

酸碱改性对氧化铁脱硫剂脱硫性能影响的研究

通过酸碱改性制备了酸式和碱式2种不同表面性质的常温氧化铁脱硫剂,并采用FT-IR技术对其表面酸碱性质和净化硫化氢废气活性进行了研究.结果表明,表面酸碱件质不同的脱硫剂其脱硫反应行为也不同,在脱硫过程中硫化氢氧化生成的硫酸及亚硫酸会影响脱硫剂的表面酸碱性质,造成酸式脱硫剂的表面酸性更强,从而抑制了硫化氢分子在酸式脱硫剂表...     

同步硝化反硝化工艺中DO浓度对N2O产生量的影响

采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR),在连续曝气全程好氧的运行条件下,考察不同溶解氧浓度对同步硝化反硝化脱氮性能及N2O产量的影响.控制溶解氧浓度恒定在1、2、2.5和3 mg/L.结果表明,DO为2 mg/L和2.5 mg/L时,氨氮去除率分别为97.9%和98.5%,同步硝化反硝化率均为99%.DO为2 mg/L时,...     

我国中小型锅炉的NOx排放特征与管理对策

对我国中小型燃煤、燃油、燃气锅炉的NOx排放监测数据进行了统计分析,探讨了NOx的排放特征与管理控制现状.研究结果表明:燃煤锅炉中NOx排放质量浓度小于等于400.00 mg/m3的锅炉占76％,NOx平均排放质量浓度为324.60 mg/m3;燃油锅炉中NOx排放质量浓度小于等于400.00 mg/m3的锅炉占84％...     

The influence of neighborhood traffic density on the respiratory health of elementary schoolchildren

Background

Several studies have found that living near major roadways is associated with an increase in respiratory illness but few studies have measured the volume and type of traffic.

Objective

We investigated the relation between traffic volume and respiratory health of 2328 children 9 to 11 years old in the city of Windsor, Canada.

Methods

We identified the roadways within a 200 meter radius of the child's neighborhood using the latitude and longitude of the residential postal code. Traffic exposure was defined as the sum of the annual volume of vehicles on all of these roadways. Volume was calculated using sensors to detect passing vehicles (simple traffic counts), and by counts and direction of traffic at intersections (turning movement counts). Ventilatory lung function was measured by spirometry and airway inflammation by exhaled nitric oxide (eNO).

Results

The odds ratio between an interquartile increase in truck turning movement counts and chest congestion was 1.20 (1.06-1.35). The percentage of predicted FVC declined 0.68%, (95% CI 1.32, 0.03) for an interquartile increase in simple traffic counts (33,787 vehicles daily). Among those with self-reported asthma, effect sizes were larger. Percentage predicted FEV₁ declined 1.84% (95% CI 0.07, 3.61) associated with an interquartile range increase in turning movement counts. No statistically significant change was detected between traffic measures and exhaled nitric oxide.

Conclusions

Our findings provide further support for the hypothesis that neighborhood exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases respiratory symptoms and reduces ventilatory function in children, especially those with self-reported asthma.     

Adsorption and breakdown of penicillin antibiotic in the presence of titanium oxide nanoparticles in water

The fate and transport of antibiotics in natural water systems is controlled in part by interactions with nanometer (10⁻⁹ m) metal oxide particles. Experiments were performed by mixing solutions of ampicillin (AMP), a common, penicillin-class human and veterinary antibiotic, with 25 nm-TiO₂ (anatase) nanoparticles at different pH conditions. Both sorption and degradation of AMP were observed in the AMP-nanoparticle solutions. For AMP concentrations from ∼3 μM to 2.9 mM the overall AMP removal from solution can be described by linear isotherms with removal coefficients (K_r) of 3028 (±267) L kg⁻¹ at pH 2, 11,533 (±823) L kg⁻¹ at pH 4, 12,712 (±672) L kg⁻¹ at pH 6, and 1941 (±342) L kg⁻¹ at pH 8. Mass spectral analysis of AMP solutions after removal of the solid nanoparticles yielded ions that indicate the presence of peniclloic acid, penilloic acid and related de-ammoniated by-products as possible compounds resulting from the degradation of AMP at the TiO₂ surface.     

磁性介孔锰铁复合氧化物对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

以复合金属草酸盐为前驱体制备了纳米晶构筑的介孔锰铁氧化物材料,采用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪和固体比表面测定仪等对产物进行了表征.并研究了其对水体Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,考察了pH及离子强度对吸附容量的影响、吸附动力学、吸附等温线以及碱液对Cr(Ⅵ)的洗脱率。结果表明,获得的锰铁氧化物为纳米晶构筑的介孔材料,比表面达277.4 m2/g,对Cr(Ⅵ)在酸性条件下有较强的吸附性能。在初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度为100 mg/L,pH值在2时,10 min内能使溶液中的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达96.8%,最大Cr(Ⅵ)吸附容量Qm为40 mg/g。     

改性污泥活性炭对水中镉离子的吸附性能

以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为原料,氯化锌为活化剂制备污泥活性炭,对一部分污泥活性炭用6.0 mol/L的硝酸进行改性,并研究了未改性和改性的污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附行为的影响。结果表明,在pH为5.0、Cd2＋初始浓度为100 mg/L、吸附剂投加量为2.0 g/L、反应温度为25℃时,未改性的污泥活性炭吸附容量为8.45 mg/g,硝酸改性的污泥活性炭吸附容量达到了23.35 mg/g。改性和未改性的污泥活性炭对Cd2＋都有较好的吸附容量,硝酸改性大幅度提高了污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附性能。常温下改性污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

利用盐泥制取轻质氧化镁

采用二氧化碳法提取盐泥中的镁,研究了使之转化为轻质氧化镁的影响因素以及主要反应的动力学性质。实验确定的最佳条件为固液比1∶15、二氧化碳通入时间90min、水解温度90℃、水解时间25min,在此条件下,盐泥中镁的总提取率为75%;采用微分法求得氢氧化镁与二氧化碳反应的反应级数和活化能分别为1.7和68.1kJ/mol。     

废轮胎热解衍生油非加氢脱硫

衍生油是废轮胎热解过程中最重要的产品之一,其最有意义的一种用途是作为燃料来得到较高的附加值.但是衍生油的硫含量较高,且具有恶臭味道,妨碍了它作为燃料的广泛应用.在管式反应器上分别考察了氧化锌、混合脱硫剂、A.D.A和MDEA+环丁砜法对废轮胎高温热解气的非加氢脱硫效果,并对不同的脱硫工艺作了简要的经济评价.结果发现,白土、陶土和石灰粉混合脱硫剂与氧化锌的热解气直接脱硫效果较好,衍生油的硫含量可降低到0.11％左右.采用油气分离的A.D.A脱硫工艺最经济.