改性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖功能材料对刚果红的吸附研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)和壳聚糖(CS)为前体物,以乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)为表面改性剂,制备了一种新型改性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖功能材料(GEC),并将此材料作为吸附剂用于水中刚果红的吸附去除,探讨了时间、pH值、吸附剂投加量、温度及初始浓度对GEC吸附去除刚果红的影响.结果表明,GEC对水中刚果红具备良好的吸附能力,且在pH=2~12的范围内都具有较佳的吸附效果.GEC对刚果红的吸附动力学可以较好地用伪二级动力学模型进行描述,其吸附数据可应用Langmuir吸附等温模型进行拟合,其吸附过程是自发的吸热反应过程.根据Langmuir模型计算得到GEC室温条件下最大吸附量为175.43 mg·g~(-1).用2 mol·L~(-1)NaOH溶液在60℃水浴条件下对GEC进行脱附再生实验,在重复循环利用6次后,GEC对刚果红的吸附量仅下降了5.89%,刚果红的去除率仍保持在88%以上.以上结果表明,GEC适合作为一种有效的吸附剂去除水中刚果红.     

纳米氧化锌对EBPR系统的长期作用机制研究:从宏观到微观

研究了纳米氧化锌(ZnO NPs)对强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统的长期作用机制,系统分析了EBPR系统在ZnO NPs长期抑制下宏观运行性能与微观结构的变化.结果发现,当进水开始添加ZnO NPs后,系统沉降性能随之降低.厌氧释磷速率与好氧吸磷速率均出现显著降低并降至0 mg·g~(-1)·h~(-1)(以每g MLSS释(吸)P量(mg)计,下同),从而使得系统丧失除磷效果.同时,厌氧段COD开始积累.ZnO NPs浓度增加至10 mg·L~(-1)时,多糖与蛋白质含量在抑制条件下均开始减少.通过高通量技术对微观层面进行分析发现,ZnO NPs将会严重抑制聚磷菌的正常生长.ZnO NPs对系统内不同细菌有截然不同的作用,Proteobacteria门在试验过程中比例减小,而Bacteroidetes门却受到促进作用.恢复阶段,较低浓度(2 mg·L~(-1))抑制条件下,EBPR系统恢复速度与程度均优于高浓度(6、10 mg·L~(-1))抑制条件.然而,即使系统得到一定程度恢复也难以恢复到初始水平.     

NO/SO_2臭氧协同氧化与吸收特性的实验研究

为研究燃煤烟气中NO/SO_2协同高效脱除方法,某热电厂通过现场实验研究了O3对烟气中NO、SO_2的选择性氧化规律以及脱硫浆液、半干法循环脱硫灰对氧化产物的吸收效能。结果表明:烟气中NO、SO_2同时存在时,烟气中的O3优先氧化NO,当O3过量30%时,SO_2氧化率可达到42%;实际湿法脱硫循环浆液对混合烟气中SO_2吸收率达到近100%,对NOx(x>1)最大吸收率仅为42%;含水量1)最大吸收率仅为30%,且吸收剂在218s后即丧失脱除效能;含水量为15%的半干法脱硫灰对混合烟气中SO_2吸收率达到100%,对NOx(x>1)最大吸收率为75%,吸收剂脱除效果良好且具备长时间稳定脱除效果。     

用外加热回转窑生产高纯活性氧化镁回收二氧化碳新工艺

针对当前镁制品生产过程中存在的严重资源浪费和环境污染严重的问题，提出以废弃菱镁矿渣为原料，利用新型外加热回转窑生产高纯氧化镁，并从生产废气中回收食品级液态二氧化碳的新工艺。     

CuO和Cu(Ⅱ)催化臭氧氧化的研究

以乙二酸为实验对象,研究了CuO/Al_2O_3和Cu(II)对臭氧的催化作用实验结果表明,在低pH条件下,CuO/Al2O3有较强的催化臭氧氧化能力,可以将乙二酸的去除率提高约15%而在中性条件下,20g·l-1CuO/Al2O3的催化效果有限磷酸盐缓冲液可以强烈抑制臭氧氧化乙二酸以及CuO/Al2O3的催化作用与CuO/Al2O3相比,Cu(II)离子有更强的催化臭氧氧化乙二酸的能力     

Effect of transition metal ions on photocatalytic activity of ZnO in bleaching of some dyes

The photocatalytic bleaching of some dyes (erythrosin-B, fast green FCF and eosin Y) was carried in the presence of semiconducting zinc oxide and was observed spectrophotometrically. The effects of various operating variables like pH, concentration of dyes, amount of semiconductor and light intensity on the efficiency of the reaction were also observed. Attempts have been made to study the effect of the addition of other metal ions (Fe²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, V²⁺ and Mn²⁺). All the added metal ions increase the reaction rate to some extent. It was also observed that Fe²⁺ is most effective in photobleaching of erythrosin-B, whereas V²⁺ is more effective in the cases of fast green FCF and eosin Y. A tentative mechanism has been proposed.     

Thermal degradation of hexachlorobenzene in the presence of calcium oxide at 340–400 °C

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the milligram range was co-heated with calcium oxide (CaO) powder in sealed glass ampoules at 340–400 °C. The heated samples were characterized and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, ion chromatography, and thermal/optical carbon analysis. The degradation products of HCB were studied at different temperatures and heated times. The amorphous carbon was firstly quantitatively evaluated and was thought to be important fate of the C element of HCB. The yield of amorphous carbon in products increased with heating time, for samples treated for 8 h at 340, 380 °C and 400 °C, the value were 17.5%, 34.8% and 50.2%, respectively. After identification of the dechlorination products, the HCB degradation on CaO at 340–400 °C was supposed to through dechlorination/polymerization pathway, which is induced by electron transfer, generate chloride ions and form high-molecular weight intermediates with significant levels of both hydrogen and chlorine, and finally form amorphous carbon. Higher temperature was beneficial for the dechlorination/polymerization efficiency. The results are helpful for clarifying the reaction mechanism for thermal degradation of chlorinated aromatics in alkaline matrices.     

大气硝酸测量方法研究进展

大气中硝酸(HNO3)的生成是排放到空气中氮氧化物(NOx)的主要沉降途径,对降水酸化、二次细颗粒物中硝酸盐的形成以及在研究光化学污染和霾形成等大气复合污染过程之间的联系中具有重要作用.获得高时间分辨率、准确的大气HNO3测量数据对研究和认识大气中NOx的循环机理是十分必要和迫切的.大气中的HNO3浓度低且具有很强的吸...     

土壤水分管理对甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响

为控制农田温室气体排放的途径提供依据,通过实验室培养的方法测定了不同水分管理条件下CH4和N2O的排放,干旱处理（60％-70％WFP）和长期淹水土样在施肥后的Eh变化。最终得出：稻田CH4和N2O排放之间存在着互为消长的关系（R2=0．609）,CH4和N2O的排放是水肥共同作用的结果,水分管理通过Eh来影响气体排放,有机质是造成前后期排放浓度差异的主要原因。